| General Information |
| Organism | Chlorocebus sabaeus, Green monkey |
| Cell Line Description | The Vero cell line was established in 1962 from cells extracted from the kidneys of African green monkeys. Since then, several sub-cell lines have been derived, such as Vero 81, Vero 76 or Vero E6. Later genomic analysis showed that these cells originated from females of the species Chlorocebus sabaeus. The Vero cell line is a continuous cell line and can therefore be passaged indefinitely, allowing for extensive cell characterization and the creation of large cell banks, a valuable advantage over primary cell lines with limited passage capacity, such as chicken embryo fibroblasts. Vero cells grow adherently, are deficient in interferon expression and can be adapted to grow in serum-free conditions. Vero is susceptible to infection with a wide range of viruses, such as SV-40, measles virus, arboviruses, rubella virus, poliovirus, influenza virus and simian syncytial virus. It is also susceptible to bacterial toxins, including diphtheria toxin and Shiga-like toxin. They are widely used in many research fields, especially virology, bacteriology, parasitology and toxicology. |
| Tissue | Kidney |
| Disease | Normal |
| Morphology | Epithelial |
| Age | Adult |
| Product Format | Frozen |
| Growth Mode | Adherent |
| Biosafety Level | 1
Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country. |
| Applications | 1. Vaccine development
2. Virology research
3. Toxicity testing
4. Cancer research
5. Protein expression
6. Study of bacterial pathogens
7. Bioproduction |
| Shipped In | Dry ice |
| Storage Temperature | −196°C |
| Additional Info | In 2014, Japanese researchers determined the complete genome sequence of the Vero cell line. Vero cells have a homozygous ~9-Mb deletion on chromosome 12, resulting in the loss of the type I interferon gene cluster and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A and CDKN2B from the genome. |
| Characteristics |
| Karyotype | 2n = 60, modal no. 58 |
| Receptors Expressed | Although the VERO cell line does not lack interferon, it possesses interferon-α/β receptors and responds normally when recombinant interferon is added to their culture medium. |
| Virus Susceptibility | Poliovirus 1, 2, 3, Getah, Pixuna, Ross River, Semliki Forest, Ndumu, Paramaribo, Kokobera, Modoc, Murutucu, Germiston, Guaroa, Pongola, Tacaribe, SV-5, SV40, rubellavirus, rubeola, reovirus 1, 2, 3, simian adenoviruses |
| Mycoplasma Test | Negative |
| Culture Conditions and Handling |
| Subculturing | 1. Remove old medium from adhered cells and wash with PBS without calcium and magnesium. For T25 flasks, use 3-5 ml PBS and for T75 flasks, use 5-10 ml.
2. Then completely cover the cells with Accutase, using 1-2 ml for T25 flasks and 2.5 ml for T75 flasks.
3. Allow cells to incubate at room temperature for 8-10 minutes to allow them to detach.
4. After incubation, gently mix the cells with 10 ml medium to resuspend, then centrifuge at 300xg for 3 minutes.
5. Discard the supernatant, resuspend the cells with fresh medium, and transfer them to a new flask already containing fresh medium. |
| Medium Renewal | 2 to 3 times per week. |
| Subcultivation Ratio | The ratio of 1:3 to 1:6 is recommended. |
| Culture Medium | DMEM + 2mM Glutamine + 10% Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS) |
| Culture Conditions | Atmosphere: Air, 95%; CO2, 5%; Temperature: 37℃ |
| Cryopreservation | Complete growth medium supplemented with 5% (v/v) DMSO |