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Genetically engineered biosensors, comprising fluorescent proteins linked to protein sequences sensitive to biomolecules or intracellular processes, enable the detection of cellular changes through spectrum shifts or fluorescent microscopy. These biosensors, introduced into cells, tissues, or organisms, offer long-term imaging, precise cellular compartment targeting, and preservation of spatial-temporal processes. Biosensor adeno-associated virus (AAV), engineered AAV vectors carrying biosensor genes, serves as a gene delivery tool for real-time monitoring of biological events. Creative Biogene's biosensor AAVs, expressing validated fluorescent reporters, enable non-invasive, high-resolution tracking of neuronal dynamics and neurotransmitters like calcium and glutamate, allowing exploration of signaling pathways and biomolecule measurements.
Understanding how neuronal activity patterns in the brain correlate with complex behavior is one of the primary goals of modern neuroscience. Chemical transmission is the main way of communication between neurons, however, traditional methods of detection of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator transients in the mammalian brain lack spatiotemporal precision. Modern fluorescent biosensors for neurotransmitters and neuromodulators allow monitoring of chemical transmission with millisecond precision in vivo and single-cell resolution. Changes in the fluorescent biosensor brightness occur upon neurotransmitter binding and can be detected using fiber photometry, stationary microscopy, and miniaturized head-mounted microscopes.
Genetically engineered biosensors, attached to fluorescent proteins, detect biomolecular changes in cells, tissues, or organisms through spectrum alterations or fluorescent microscopy. They enable long-term imaging, specific targeting of cellular compartments, signaling pathway exploration, and biomolecule measurement while preserving spatial and temporal cellular processes. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) serve as viral vectors for controlled gene expression in vitro and in vivo. rAAV, a widely used gene delivery tool, allows biosensor expression in the brain, ensuring cell-specific expression through Cre-recombinase in animals.
Figure 1. Delivery of biosensors to the animal brain using AAV particles.
As a leader in adenoviral technology, Creative Biogene is proud to offer a range of calcium or glutamate biosensor products that come ready to use. Our AAV biosensors are ideal for a variety of applications, such as tracking neuronal dynamics. Our biosensors come with the choice of promoter (CMV or Syn), and serotype (AAV8 or AAV9), and many have an optional DIO/FLEX system for Cre-inducible expression. Our products can furnish your scientific research with:
Case Study 1
The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) peptide, belonging to the insulin superfamily, is essential for homeostasis and neuronal functions such as plasticity, learning, and memory. In a study focused on the hippocampus, researchers investigated IGF2's role, particularly in CA3. Using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) for gene manipulation, they demonstrated IGF2 synthesis and activity-dependent release from excitatory hippocampal neurons, highlighting its crucial involvement in CA3 plasticity.
Figure 2. Immunofluorescence shows IGF1 expression in CA1 neurons, reduced when Igf1 is deleted with AAV-Cre-GFP. To verify the specificity of the antibody signal and IGF1 synthesis in CA1 pyramidal neurons, they removed Igf1 from a sparse subset of excitatory neurons in Igf1fl/fl mice by in utero injection of AAV Camk2a-Cre and AAV-CAG-Flex-EGFP. (Tu X, et al., 2022).
Case Study 2
Adult-born dentate granule cells (aDGCs) at 4–6 weeks of age are particularly excitable but subsequently develop the quiet properties of mature cells. Researchers demonstrated finely tuned activity regulation of 6-8 weeks aDGCs controls anxiety and cognitive behaviors, suggesting potential therapies could target pathological hyperactivity in this short maturation window.
Figure 2. The researchers used an AAV serotype 2/9 containing the human synapsin I promoter driving cre-dependent hM3Dq-mCherry or hM4Di-mCherry expression to manipulate activity specifically in mature aDGCs infected by both viruses. (Wang G, et al., 2021)
Q: What is the AAV biosensor?
A: AAV biosensor refers to AAV vectors carrying genes for biosensors, enabling real-time monitoring of biological events, commonly used in neuroscience and cell biology research.
Q: How specific are the ligand-binding domains in AAV biosensor vectors?
A: The ligand-binding domains in AAV biosensor vectors are designed for high specificity, ensuring precise recognition and binding to the neurotransmitters of interest.
Q: Can AAV biosensors effectively distinguish between different neurotransmitters?
A: AAV biosensors are engineered with ligand-binding domains specific to particular neurotransmitters, allowing for effective discrimination between different types of neurotransmitters.
Q: What advantages do genetically encoded biosensors in AAV vectors offer over small molecule dyes for long-term imaging?
A: Genetically encoded biosensors in AAV vectors provide advantages such as long-term non-toxic imaging, ensuring prolonged observation of neural activities without adverse effects compared to small molecule dyes.
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Price |
|---|---|---|
| AAB0001 | CAG-GCaMP3 AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0002 | CAG-FLEX-NES-jRGECO1b AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0003 | CAG-FLEX-NES-jRGECO1a AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0004 | CAG-FLEX-NES-jRCaMP1b AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0005 | CAG-FLEX-GCaMP6s AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0006 | CAG-FLEX-NES-jRCaMP1a AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0007 | CMV-iGluSnFR AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0008 | CAG-FLEX-CaMPARI AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0009 | CAG-FLEX-GCaMP6m AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0010 | CAG-FLEX-GCaMP6f AAV (Serotype 8) | Inquiry |
| AAB0011 | Syn-FLEX-CaMPARI AAV (Serotype 9) | Inquiry |
| AAB0012 | Syn-CaMPARI AAV (Serotype 9) | Inquiry |
| AAB0013 | pRSET.GCaMP5G(7.35) AAV (Serotype 9) | Inquiry |
| AAB0014 | CMV-iGluSnFR AAV (Serotype 9) | Inquiry |
| AAB0015 | Syn-FLEX-jGCaMP7c AAV (Serotype 9) | Inquiry |
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