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Uterine cancer is a mammoth among women's health concerns, as it remains the most prevalent gynecological cancer and the fourth most commonly reported cancer overall in women. There are two main types of uterine cancer, with endometrial carcinoma reigning supreme as the most frequently diagnosed genital cancer in females, accounting for a staggering 95% of all cases. Sarcoma comprises the underdog of the two, occupying a relatively small but still significant portion. Endometrial cancer primarily occurs in postmenopausal women. Specific subtypes include, but are not limited to, endometrioid cancer, uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), clear cell carcinoma, and serous adenocarcinoma. Risk factors include exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogen (eg, nulliparity, obesity, late menopause) or exogenous estrogen (eg, tamoxifen, hormone replacement therapy) and pelvic radiation.
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) among other projects have studied uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) and Endometrial cancer (UCEC) cancers. They have identified many single genes that are prone to mutations in two cancer types, such as PTEN, TP53, PIK3CA, and PPP2R1A. Although some are only for UCEC (CTNNB1, FGFR2, and POLE), others have only been associated with UCS (ZBTB7B, RB1, and U2AF1). There are also associations with more general characteristics. Translocations were found in genes involved in the WNT and PI(3)K pathways, among others. Microsatellite instability is more common in endometrioid cancers than in serous adenocarcinoma and UCS. Compared to UCEC type I cases, UCS and type 2 UCEC cases tend to have more CNV events. Endometrial cancer can also appear in conjunction with Lynch syndrome, which is usually caused by mutations in genes involved with DNA mismatch repair. These genes include MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, among which mutations in MSH6 are most likely to develop endometrial cancer.
Uterine cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, and the incidence rate is increasing every year. The understanding of pathways involved in uterine cancer pathogenesis can help identify new targeted therapeutic drugs and can also be used for diagnosis and prognosis. Creative Biogene is able to offer various uterine cancer pathway-related products including stable cell lines, viral particles and clones for your drug discovery projects.
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