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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a class of viruses that can selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells, and subsequently spread with a tumor while not causing damage to normal cells. Besides the direct oncolytic activity, OVs are also effective in stimulating the body's immune responses which can further help recognize, control, or destroy cancer cells. Through the combination of tumor-specific cell lysis and immune stimulation, OVs act in their antitumor activities in situ. OVs encompass a broad diversity of DNA and RNA viruses and typically fall into 2 classes: (1) viruses that are naturally cancer-selective such as reovirus, and (2) viruses that are genetically manipulated including measles virus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), and so on. To date, the effectiveness of OVs has been supported by many preclinical data. A few oncolytic viruses have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States. The OV approach to cancer treatment is becoming more interesting for scientists.
Creative Biogene offers premade oncolytic viruses including Measles Virus (MeV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) for promoting oncolytic studies.
Key Advantages of Our Oncolytic Viruses
Oncolytic viruses constitute a category of replicating, tumor-selective viruses that capitalize on the inactivation or deficiencies in tumor suppressor genes within target cells. This enables selective infection of tumor cells, robust viral replication, and eventual destruction of the tumor cells. Simultaneously, oncolytic viruses elicit immune responses, recruiting additional immune cells to perpetuate the eradication of residual tumor cells. This distinctive mechanism holds considerable potential for precision cancer therapy, harnessing the virus's specificity in targeting and eliminating cancer cells, while concurrently triggering immune-mediated anti-tumor responses for an enhanced therapeutic effect.
Oncolytic viruses are extensively studied and applied in cancer therapy, and our tools enhance your research convenience:
Case Study 1
The oncolytic virus ORFV shows promise as an antitumor agent given its high immunogenicity and immunostimulation while remaining low in pathogenicity. Attenuated ORFV strains with deleted virulence genes may improve clinical safety. Researchers found that oncolytic parapoxvirus ovis induces pyroptotic tumor cell death via Gasdermin E to enhance antitumor immunity, and combination with immune checkpoint blockade synergistically improves virotherapy.
Figure 1. Researchers treated human tumor tissues and cell lines with oncolytic parapoxvirus ovis (ORFV) over time. They found that ORFV induced tumor pyroptosis, with effects on cell morphology, inflammatory mediators, and molecular signatures, resulting in lytic cell death, proinflammatory signaling, and reduced tumor volume. (Lin J, et al., 2023).
Case Study 2
Researchers found that glioblastoma (GBM) cells depend on exogenous cholesterol uptake, and proposed targeting cholesterol metabolism as a GBM therapy. They showed cholesterol impairs phagocytosis in tumor-associated macrophages. To counter this, they developed an Apo-A1-armed oncolytic adenovirus that restored anti-tumor immunity in GBM preclinical models.
Figure 2. Researchers armed an oncolytic adenovirus with an ApoA1 cholesterol modulator to target tumor-associated macrophages and improve anti-tumor immunity in glioblastoma models. (Wang S, et al., 2023).
Q: What are oncolytic viruses?
A: Oncolytic viruses are viruses that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. They can directly lyse cancer cells and stimulate anti-tumor immunity. Oncolytic viruses are emerging as novel cancer therapeutics with multiple mechanisms of action.
Q: What are the mechanisms of oncolytic virus cancer therapy?
A: (1) Direct oncolysis: Viral replication inside cancer cells causes them to rupture and die
(2) Immune activation: Virus infection and cancer cell death releases tumor antigens and danger signals to promote anti-tumor immunity
(3) Vascular shutdown: Viral infection of tumor endothelial cells disrupts blood supply to the tumor
(4) Bystander killing effects: Viral infection induces apoptotic signaling in uninfected neighboring tumor cells
Q: What types of oncolytic viruses are being developed?
A: Common viral vectors used as oncolytic virus platforms include:
(1) Adenoviruses: Engineered to target cancer cells by deleting viral genes needed for replication in normal cells
(2) Herpes Simplex Virus: Attenuated and retargeted to bind cancer-specific receptors
(3) Measles virus: Naturally cancer-selective, armed with immune stimulatory transgenes
(4) Vaccinia virus: Immunogenic virus, that can express tumor antigens to raise anti-tumor immunity
(5) Reovirus: Naturally replicates preferentially in cells with activated Ras signaling
Q: How are oncolytic viral vectors designed and selected?
A: (1) Selectivity: Maximizing specificity for cancer cells over normal cells
(2) Potency: Balancing anti-tumor efficacy and safety
(3) Delivery: Optimizing intravenous vs intertumoral administration
(4) Armament: Incorporating transgenes to enhance tumor killing or immunity
(5) Manufacturability: Scalable production and quality control
The optimal virus vector is selected by matching the desired mechanisms of action to the native biology of the virus.
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Price |
|---|---|---|
| OVZ00001 | RFP Reporter Oncolytic Virus - MeV | Inquiry |
| OVZ00002 | SLC5A5 Expressing Oncolytic Virus - MeV | Inquiry |
| OVZ00003 | SLC5A5/GFP Expressing Oncolytic Virus - MeV | Inquiry |
| OVZ00004 | GFP Reporter Oncolytic Virus - MeV | Inquiry |
| OVZ00005 | Luciferase Reporter Oncolytic Virus - MeV | Inquiry |
| OVZ00006 | CEA Expressing Oncolytic Virus - MeV | Inquiry |
| OVZ00007 | SLC5A5/GFP Expressing Oncolytic Virus - HSV1 | Inquiry |
| OVZ00008 | Dual Reporter Oncolytic Virus - HSV1 | Inquiry |
| OVZ00009 | GFP Reporter Oncolytic Virus - HSV1 | Inquiry |
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