Toll-like Receptor Agonists

Product DetailsApplicationCase StudyFAQ

Product Details

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal type I transmembrane proteins with leucine-rich repeats and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains, belonging to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) class. They play a crucial role in regulating innate immunity and are implicated in various infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

Creative Biogene, as a premier biotechnology company, provides a diverse selection of high-quality TLR agonists catering to various applications in drug and vaccine research and development. Our extensive TLR agonists collection spans across different categories, offering versatile options to meet specific research requirements. Whether you are engaged in immunotherapy studies, vaccine adjuvant development, or investigating innate immune responses, our comprehensive product range ensures that you find the ideal TLR agonist for your specific needs.

Key Features of Our Toll-like Receptor Agonists

Stringent Quality Assurance: Our TLR agonists undergo rigorous quality assurance protocols to ensure consistency, purity, and reliability in each batch.
Premium Raw Materials: Crafted from high-quality raw materials sourced from reputable suppliers, our TLR agonists adhere to the highest quality standards.
GMP Compliance: Aligned with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) standards, our TLR agonists ensure product safety and efficacy, meeting regulatory requirements.
Endotoxin-Free Formulation: Formulated to be endotoxin-free for purity and safety, our TLR agonists eliminate potential contaminants, ensuring biological relevance.
Comprehensive Documentation: Each product is accompanied by comprehensive documentation, including certificates of analysis, ensuring transparency and traceability throughout the research process.

Toll-like Receptor Agonists List

Application

TLRs are membrane-anchored receptors expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells, playing a pivotal role in recognizing specific microbial components and initiating innate host defense mechanisms. The operational principle of TLR Agonists lies in their capacity to activate TLRs, triggering a cascade of immune responses. These receptors, stationed in macrophages and dendritic cells, act as sentinels ready to recognize specific microbial components, with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) being a notable exemplar, serving as a TLR4 agonist due to its presence in the surface membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Activation of TLRs contributes to the induction of immune responses specific to antigens by promoting the expression of certain cytokines associated with T cell differentiation. For instance, the low-toxicity component of LPS, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), has found utility in licensed human vaccines for Hepatitis B. Co-administration with aluminum hydroxide enhances cell-mediated immune responses compared to vaccines formulated with aluminum hydroxide alone.

TLR agonists show substantial potential as immunotherapeutics or vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.

Key Applications of TLR Agonists in Detail

Boosting Essential Immune Functions: TLR agonists enhance crucial immune activities, including cell recruitment, antimicrobial responses, and bacterial clearance, fostering cross-protection.
Synergistic Cancer Treatments: TLR agonists effectively collaborate with chemotherapeutics, monoclonal antibodies, and tumor antigen vaccines, providing a synergistic approach to cancer treatment.
Stimulating Tumor-Specific Immunity: TLR agonists notably stimulate specific immune responses against tumors, with a particular emphasis on enhancing Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activities.
Activating Dendritic Cells: TLR agonists serve as potent activators of dendritic cells, crucial components of the immune system responsible for initiating and regulating immune responses.
Enhancing Overall Immune Reactions: The use of TLR agonists improves overall T cell responses, contributing to a more robust and effective immune reaction.

Case Study

Case Study 1

Microglia, immune-like cells derived from erythro-myeloid progenitors in the yolk sac, colonize the central nervous system (CNS) during development. The researchers investigated how toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists affect adult microglia in the CNS. Through comparisons of cytokine secretion and gene expression in both ex vivo and in vivo settings, they aimed to comprehend microglial roles in CNS development, function, and disease. Their findings suggest that TLR7-mediated innate immune responses in the CNS heavily rely on microglia, while other cell types may compensate for their absence in response to TLR4 and TLR9 agonists.

Figure 1. The alterations in expression of 84 TLR signaling pathway-associated genes in adult mouse brains with and without PLX5622 treatment after acute TLR agonist or PBS exposure were investigated by the researchers, aiming to elucidate the effects of TLR agonists on gene expression and the impact of microglial reduction. (Carroll JA, et al., 2021)

Case Study 2

Millions of COVID-19 patients have experienced severe respiratory and systemic inflammation, largely driven by the overstimulation of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, a critical factor in virus-induced immunopathology. To address this, researchers are investigating the abundance of TLR agonists in the blood and lungs of ICU patients and propose a strategy to reduce these by using microfibers to deplete nucleic acid-containing DAMPs/PAMPs. Analysis through single-cell RNA sequencing has identified a TLR-tolerant phenotype in monocytes of deceased patients, corroborated by plasma proteomics indicating myeloid hyperactivation. Treatment with MnO nanoparticles has shown promise in neutralizing TLR activation, thus mitigating hyperinflammation and preventing monocytic TLR tolerance, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.

Figure 2. The inhibition of agonist-mediated TLR activation by MnO nanoparticles across multiple TLRs was assessed by the researchers, demonstrating dose-dependent inhibition. (Naqvi I, et al., 2022)

Case Study 3

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone fails to eradicate HIV-1 infection due to the persistence of the latent viral reservoir. The researchers employed Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists to target this reservoir, a significant hurdle in developing an HIV-1 cure. Through a combination of active and passive immunization alongside TLR7 stimulation using vesatolimod, they achieved a 70% post-ART virologic control in SHIV-SF162P3-infected rhesus macaques. This underscores the potential of harnessing multiple immunologic mechanisms for an effective HIV-1 cure strategy.

Figure 3. Using TLR agonists, the researchers aimed to reduce post-treatment interruption viral loads and induce lower setpoint viral loads compared to sham. (Walker-Sperling VEK, et al., 2022)

FAQ

Q: Can TLR agonists be used as effective vaccine adjuvants, and how do they enhance the immune response in this context?

A: Yes, TLR agonists serve as potent vaccine adjuvants by activating dendritic cells (DCs), enhancing T cell responses, and mitigating the suppressive effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The success of the yellow fever vaccine YF-17D, which activates immune cells through multiple TLRs, highlights the potential of TLR agonists in vaccine development. Additionally, combining TLR agonists with antibiotics, such as in S. pneumoniae infection, has shown improved outcomes, indicating their synergistic effect. Furthermore, combining TLR agonists with other Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) like RIG-I/MDA-5, IFI16, and cGAS further enhances immune responses against cancer and infectious diseases.

Q: What sets Creative Biogene's TLR agonists apart in terms of quality and reliability?

A: Creative Biogene, as a leading biotechnology company, ensures the superiority of its TLR agonists through rigorous quality assurance protocols. Our products are crafted from premium raw materials sourced from reputable suppliers, manufactured using cutting-edge processes in state-of-the-art facilities, and adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) standards. The company maintains strict batch consistency, conducts potency validation, formulates products to be endotoxin-free, and provides comprehensive documentation, ensuring transparency and traceability throughout the research process.

Q: How can researchers navigate through Creative Biogene's TLR agonists collection to find the most suitable product for their specific research needs?

A: Researchers can explore Creative Biogene's TLR agonists collection on our website, where a diverse range of high-quality products is available. The collection provides detailed product information, including certificates of analysis, allowing researchers to make informed decisions based on their specific research requirements.

Q: Are there any precautions or considerations when using TLR agonists in research or vaccine development?

A: While TLR agonists offer significant potential, researchers should consider the context and design of their experiments carefully. It is crucial to adhere to recommended dosage guidelines, monitor potential side effects, and assess the specific immune responses induced. Additionally, researchers should stay informed about the latest advancements in TLR agonist research to optimize their use in various applications.

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* For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.

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