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Inflammatory responses are generally initiated by the recognition of signals that convey evidence of pathogen invasion or tissue injury. In turn, this initiates the activation of intracellular signaling cascades and subsequently results in increased expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. When these inflammatory responses occur in the absence of overt infection, or when the responses persist despite resolution of the original insult, these processes can become pathological and lead to chronic inflammation. A wide spectrum of human diseases is associated with chronic inflammation, including disorders such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Currently, the first-line therapies are either non-selective immunosuppressive or cytotoxic drugs, which are associated with limited clinical efficacy and significant side effects.
Recently, the drug development focus for inflammatory conditions has shifted more towards targeting intracellular signaling pathways. Protein phosphorylation, conducted by protein kinases, is a major type of post-translational modification and is a fundamental mechanism of cell signaling. Therefore, protein kinases are an important class of intracellular enzymes that play an important role in many signal transduction cascades, from controlling cell growth and proliferation to the initiation and regulation of immunological responses. Kinases have subsequently been shown to play an essential role in the first steps of intracellular immune cell signaling. For instance, kinases are associated physically with the intracellular component of receptors on the cell surface of B and T lymphocytes, and initiate intracellular signaling cascades within these cells once such receptors have engaged with their extracellular ligands.
The final goal in the treatment of autoimmune diseases is to suppress the pathological inflammatory component and restore immunological self-tolerance, moreover, preserve the ability to mount an appropriate immune response against invading pathogens. Protein kinases are the key drivers of a number of inflammatory-mediated diseases and therefore represent a promising class of therapeutic targets in such disorders. Creative Biogene can offer the largest commercial portfolio of kinase assay solutions for inflammation research areas. Select targets are shown - view more kinase targets.
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