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| General Information | |
| Organism | Homo sapiens, human |
| Cell Line Description | THP-1 is a human monocytic cell line derived from patients with acute monocytic leukemia. THP-1 has been widely used to study monocyte/macrophage functions, mechanisms, signaling pathways, and nutrient and drug transport. It is used for testing leukemia cell lines in immunocytochemical analysis of protein-protein interactions and immunohistochemistry. The THP-1 monocyte cell line is known for its ability to differentiate into mature macrophages and dendritic cells and is critical for studying the function and properties of these immune cells in vitro. THP-1 differentiated macrophages are useful for exploring the functions, mechanisms, and signaling pathways of monocytes and macrophages, including cytokine activation and immune regulation, as well as studying nutrient and drug transport. Furthermore, THP-1 macrophages can polarize into M1 or M2 macrophages, which is critical for the study of immunity and inflammation, innate immunity, and inflammatory responses. |
| Tissue | Peripheral blood |
| Disease | Acute monocytic leukemia |
| Morphology | Monocyte |
| Gender | Male |
| Age | 1 year |
| Product Format | Frozen |
| Growth Mode | Suspension |
| Biosafety Level | 1 Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country. |
| Applications | 1. Study of macrophage function 2. Inflammation research 3. Drug screening and development 4. Drug transport assays 5. Cancer research |
| Shipped In | Dry ice |
| Storage Temperature | −196°C |
| Additional Info | The researchers found that the THP-1 cell line expressed Fc receptors and C3b receptors and lacked surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. The researchers also found that culturing the THP-1 cell line with gamma interferon and lipopolysaccharide can polarize it to the M1 phenotype, or culturing it with interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 can polarize it to the M2 phenotype. In addition, the use of recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) can differentiate THP-1 cell line into immature dendritic cells. And it was found that the use of rhIL-4, rhGM-CSF, recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α and ionomycin can differentiate the THP-1 cell line into mature dendritic cells. |
| Characteristics | |
| Antigen Expression | HLA A2, A9, B5, DRw1, DRw2 |
| Isoenzymes | The human THP-1 cell line expresses low levels of CD4, CCR5, and CxCR4, making it relevant for the study of HIV infection. However, they express low levels of CD14 but not CD11b, CD11c, CD80, CD86, Mertk, or CD1a, making them a poor model for primary monocytes regarding LPS response. |
| Karyotype | THP-1 cells are nearly diploid, containing two related subclones with genetic aberrations. |
| Mycoplasma Test | Negative |
| Culture Conditions and Handling | |
| Subculturing | Protocol: The culture should be maintained by adding fresh medium. NOTE: A complete medium change should be performed at least every 7 days by centrifugation and resuspension of cells in fresh medium. Subsequently resuspend at 1-4 x 105 viable cells/mL. Passage when the cell concentration reaches 8 x 105 cells/mL. Do not allow cell concentration to exceed 1.5 x 106 cells/mL. It is recommended to use a 75 cm2 flask or equivalent to subculture this product. |
| Medium Renewal | At least every 7 days |
| Culture Conditions | Atmosphere: Air, 95%; CO2, 5%;Temperature: 37°C |
| Cryopreservation | Complete growth medium supplemented with 5% (v/v) DMSO |
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