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Adjuvants, derived from the Latin "adjuvare" meaning "to help," enhance immune responses when combined with antigens. These compounds, such as Alum, Freund's adjuvant, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), saponins, cytokines, polymers, microparticles, and liposomes, boost immune responses through mechanisms like depot formation, cytokine induction, immune cell recruitment, and enhanced antigen presentation. Adjuvants activate innate immune responses locally, influencing the quality and quantity of adaptive immune responses. Crucial for developing vaccines against challenging pathogens and populations with insufficient responses to traditional vaccines, adjuvants play a pivotal role in vaccine development.
As a leading biotechnology company, Creative Biogene possesses advanced equipment, technologies, and experienced staff to provide high-quality adjuvants for vaccine development, including Freund's adjuvant, bacteria-derived adjuvants, toll-like receptor agonists, and CpG ODNs. Our goal is to offer affordable and high-quality adjuvant products, ensuring your satisfaction in a timely and professional manner.
Key Features of Our Adjuvants
Creative Biogene can provide you with a series of high-quality CpG ODN products, including type A ODNs, type B ODNs and type C ODNs.
Creative Biogene provides a series of high-quality bacteria-derived adjuvant products for your vaccine research and development.
Creative Biogene provides a series of high-quality oil adjuvant products for your vaccine research and development.
Creative Biogene provides a series of high-quality TLR agonist products for your drug and vaccine research and development.
Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines, with the initial evidence dating back to 1926 when Alexander Glenny discovered that mixing aluminum salts with antigens and injecting them into guinea pigs induced a higher antibody response. Subsequently, Freund and colleagues developed water-in-oil emulsions in the 1940s, creating Freund's adjuvant, a milestone in vaccine history. In 1997, the water-in-oil emulsion MF59 gained approval in Europe as an adjuvant for influenza vaccines. Over the following two decades, four adjuvants, namely AS04, AS03, AS01, and CpG ODN 1018, received approval. Classical adjuvants provided a relatively adaptable platform for the development of new vaccines, enabling their prioritized selection in clinical trials for rapid regulatory approval.
Adjuvants enhance adaptive immunity of vaccines by activating innate immune cells. The core concept involves adjuvants activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to facilitate the generation of antigen presentation signals (Signal 1) and co-stimulatory signals (Signal 2). Antigen presentation signals refer to the uptake and processing of antigens within APCs, presenting antigen peptides on their surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Co-stimulatory signals encompass the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., CD40, CD80, CD86) on APC surfaces and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α). The generation of these signals strongly induces the activation of naive T cells, thereby enhancing adaptive immune responses. The applications of adjuvants include improving vaccine immunogenicity, enhancing immune defenses against infectious diseases and cancer, playing a crucial role in vaccine development.
Case Study 1
AAV vectors have low immunogenicity but can trigger humoral and cellular responses. Researchers used CpG ODN to explore liver inflammatory responses after administering self-complementary AAV9 vectors in wild-type and HO-1 knockout mice. The study aimed to characterize hepatic macrophage populations and assess the impact of HO-1 deficiency. Despite more monocyte-derived macrophages in HO-1 KO mice, scAAV9 vectors showed minimal inflammatory stimulation, indicating consistent transduction efficiency irrespective of HO-1 presence or initial Kupffer cell numbers.
Figure 1. CpG ODN was utilized by the researchers to stimulate mouse KCs in culture, enabling the assessment of TNFα production, DiI-AcLDL labeling, and scAAV9 particle internalization, providing insights into cellular functions. (Tomczyk M, et al., 2020)
Case Study 2
Squalene nanoemulsions, the second most widely used adjuvant after aluminum salts in approved vaccines, were explored for their properties in this study. Nanoemulsions containing Pinaceae-derived polyprenols were formulated, emphasizing their unique isoprene units. The research aimed to understand their physicochemical and biological characteristics, highlighting compatibility with a synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand. Pinaceae-derived nanoemulsions demonstrated stability, induced cytokine production in vitro, and enhanced antigen-specific immune responses in animal models, particularly when combined with the TLR4 ligand glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA).
Figure 2. The use of Oil Adjuvant was employed by the researchers to achieve enhanced antibody responses in mice, as demonstrated by the geometric mean of virus neutralizing antibodies and hemagglutination inhibition titers to homologous strains in nanoemulsion-immunized groups. (Fox CB, et al., 2019)
Case Study 3
The pivotal role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immunity lies in their recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Researchers extend the "Shock and Kill" HIV therapy concept to cancer treatment, revealing that malignant cells express human endogenous retroviral elements (HERVs) upregulated by HDAC inhibitors. Particularly, HDAC inhibitors notably boost HERV-V2, encoding an envelope protein similar to syncytins. Co-application of TLR7/8 agonists induces intrinsic apoptosis, disrupting TLR7/8-NFκB, Akt/PKB, and Ras-MEK-ERK signaling pathways. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of TLR7 and HERV-V1/V2 confirms their crucial role in apoptosis. Efficacy in ovarian tumor xenografts underscores a promising avenue for cancer therapy.
Figure 3. In the ovarian carcinoma xenograft model in NMRI nu/nu mice, the use of TLR agonists was employed by the researchers to enhance antitumoral activity. (Díaz-Carballo D, et al., 2021)
Q: Why is the use of adjuvants essential in vaccine development?
A: Vaccine adjuvants influence various aspects of immune responses, such as depot formation, cytokine induction, immune cell recruitment, and enhanced antigen presentation, thereby improving the immunogenicity of vaccines. This is crucial for addressing challenging pathogens and enhancing vaccine efficacy in populations with suboptimal responses to traditional vaccines. Adjuvants play a pivotal role as crucial enhancers in vaccine development.
Q: How does Creative Biogene ensure the quality and professionalism of its vaccine adjuvant products?
A: As a leading biotechnology company, Creative Biogene employs advanced equipment, technologies, and an experienced team to provide high-quality vaccine adjuvant products. Our objective is to ensure customer satisfaction through professional approaches and timely services, all at an affordable price.
Q: What role do adjuvants play in vaccine development?
A: Adjuvants play a crucial role in vaccine development by activating immune cells, enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, and thereby boosting immune responses. They induce necessary signals in antigen-presenting cells, guiding the immune system to generate robust and targeted immune responses.
Q: Can personalized customization services be provided?
A: Yes, we offer personalized customization services, adjusting the adjuvant's formula and performance based on the customer's research requirements and specific needs. Our professional team will collaborate with you to ensure the provision of the best solution that aligns with your research objectives.
Q: How to choose adjuvants to ensure optimal effectiveness?
A: The choice of adjuvants depends on specific research needs, immunogenicity goals, and vaccine types. We recommend careful consideration of the vaccine's nature, research type, and budget, and consultation with our professional team to ensure the selection of the most suitable adjuvant for your research objectives.
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Price |
|---|---|---|
| CGON-01 | ODN 1585 | Inquiry |
| CGON-02 | ODN 2216 | Inquiry |
| CGON-03 | ODN 2336 | Inquiry |
| CGON-04 | ODN 2243 | Inquiry |
| CGON-05 | ODN 2088 | Inquiry |
| CGON-06 | ODN 2087 | Inquiry |
| CGON-07 | ODN 1668 | Inquiry |
| CGON-08 | ODN 1826 | Inquiry |
| CGON-09 | ODN 2006 | Inquiry |
| CGON-10 | ODN 2007 | Inquiry |
| CGON-11 | ODN 684 | Inquiry |
| CGON-12 | ODN D-SL01 | Inquiry |
| CGON-13 | ODN 1982 | Inquiry |
| CGON-14 | ODN 2137 | Inquiry |
| CGON-15 | ODN 2138 | Inquiry |
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