Y1 Cell Line

Brief Introduction
Product List

General Information
Organism	Mus musculus, mouse
Cell Line Description	Y1 is an immortalized mouse adrenocortical tumor cell line established in 1966 by Yasumura, Buonassisi, and Sato at Brandeis University. The cell line was derived from an adrenocortical tumor in a male LAF1 mouse, a tumor originally induced by whole-body thermal neutron irradiation. Y1 cells are polygonal, grow as an adherent monolayer, and exhibit morphological characteristics typical of both epithelial and steroidogenic cells. In the fields of endocrinology, biochemistry, and cell biology, Y1 is recognized as the "gold standard" in vitro model for studying adrenocortical steroidogenesis. It is highly valued for retaining functional adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) receptors (MC2R). Upon treatment with ACTH, forskolin, or cyclic AMP (cAMP), the cells rapidly round up and steroid production increases dramatically; this makes Y1 an indispensable platform for investigating peptide hormone signal transduction cascades and adrenal physiology.
Tissue	Adrenal Gland; derived from Adrenal Cortex
Cell Type	Adrenocortical Epithelial / Steroidogenic Cell
Strain	LAF1 (C57BL/6 X C3H/He F1 hybrid)
Disease	Adrenocortical Adenoma / Adrenal Cortex Tumor
Morphology	Epithelial-like; polygonal cells that round up upon ACTH stimulation
Gender	Male
Age	Adult
Product Format	Frozen
Growth Mode	Adherent
Biosafety Level	1 (Biosafety classification matches standard laboratory parameters for non-infectious rodent tumor lines)
Applications	1. A "gold standard" in vitro model for elucidating the mechanisms of ACTH receptor (MC2R) activation, Gαs protein coupling, and intracellular cAMP signaling; 2. Elucidating the biochemical pathways of steroid hormone synthesis, StAR protein-mediated cholesterol transport, and cytochrome P450 enzymatic cascades; 3. Evaluating adrenal endocrine disruptors, environmental toxins, and adrenocortical cell inhibitors; 4. Investigating hormone-mediated morphological changes, focal adhesion disassembly, and cytoskeletal remodeling; 5. Establishing rodent subcutaneous xenograft tumor models or syngeneic adrenal tumor models.
Shipped In	Dry ice
Storage Temperature	−196°C
Characteristics
Tumorigenic	Yes; forms steroid-secreting adrenocortical tumors when inoculated into syngeneic LAF1 or immunocompromised host mice.
Transformant	None; immortalized spontaneously from an irradiation-induced primary adrenocortical tumor.
Steroidogenic Profile	It is capable of synthesizing and secreting 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-OH-P) and 11β,20α-dihydroxyprogesterone as its primary steroid end-products. (Note: Due to insufficient 21-hydroxylase activity compared to human adrenal tissue, its main secretory products are progesterone derivatives rather than corticosterone.)
Hormonal Response	They exhibit robust and highly sensitive functional responses to ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), forskolin, and (Bu)2cAMP. Stimulation leads to increased cAMP production and upregulated steroid secretion, accompanied by distinct, reversible morphological changes—specifically, a transition from a flat, polygonal shape to a refractile, spherical form.
Karyotype	Hypodiploid/Pseudodiploid murine karyotype with structural chromosome variations typical of established rodent lines; modal chromosome number usually ranges around 39-41.
Mycoplasma Test	Negative
Culture Conditions and Handling
Subculturing	1. Completely aspirate and discard the old complete culture medium from the culture vessel. 2. Gently wash the cell monolayer with sterile, Ca2+/Mg2+-free PBS to remove residual serum containing active trypsin inhibitors. 3. Add 1.0 to 2.0 mL of 0.25% trypsin-0.53 mM (0.02%) EDTA solution, pre-warmed to the appropriate temperature, ensuring the cell layer is completely covered. 4. Incubate at 37°C for 2 to 5 minutes; monitor under an inverted microscope until the cells round up, loosen, and completely detach. 5. Immediately add an equal volume of pre-warmed complete growth medium to neutralize the enzymatic activity. 6. Gently pipette the suspension up and down to dissociate cell clumps into a single-cell suspension; centrifuge at approximately 125 × g for 5 minutes, discard the supernatant, gently resuspend the cells in fresh growth medium, and distribute them into new culture vessels.
Thawing Protocol Note	Y1 cells can be sensitive to sudden pH fluctuations and osmotic shifts during early post-thaw recovery. Prior to introducing the thawed vial contents, place the culture vessel containing fresh complete growth medium into the 5% CO2 incubator for at least 15 minutes to allow the medium to equilibrate to its physiological pH range (7.0 to 7.6).
Medium Renewal	2 to 3 times per week
Subcultivation Ratio	Split confluent cultures (80% density) at a standard ratio of 1:3 to 1:8. Maintain active growth by subculturing prior to reaching complete confluence.
Culture Conditions	Atmosphere: Air, 95%; CO2, 5%; Temperature: 37°C
Cryopreservation	90% Complete culture growth medium + 10% DMSO

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price
CSC-RR00860	Luciferase Reporter Cell Line - Y1	Inquiry
CSC-RR00861	GFP Reporter Cell Line - Y1	Inquiry

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* For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.

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