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| General Information | |
| Organism | Homo sapiens, human |
| Cell Line Description | MM.1R is a human multiple myeloma cell line derived from the MM.1 parental line and characterized by resistance to dexamethasone. The culture contains suspension cells together with a smaller loosely adherent fraction and retains plasma-cell-associated features, including CD38 expression and IgA lambda production. Loss of glucocorticoid receptor expression distinguishes MM.1R from the dexamethasone-sensitive MM.1S sister line, creating a matched model system for steroid-response, apoptosis, resistance, plasma-cell signaling, and therapeutic screening studies. |
| Cell Type | Human B lymphoblast / plasma cell myeloma cell |
| Tissue of Origin | Peripheral blood |
| Disease | Multiple myeloma / plasma cell myeloma |
| Parent Cell Line | MM.1 |
| Sex | Female |
| Age | 45 years |
| Population | Black / African American |
| Morphology | Lymphoblast-like |
| Growth Mode | Mixed culture: predominantly suspension cells with some loosely adherent cells |
| Product Format | Frozen |
| Biosafety Level | Biosafety Level 1 under the referenced classification. Conduct a local risk assessment and handle all human-derived material according to applicable biosafety procedures. |
| Applications | 1. Multiple myeloma and plasma-cell biology 2. Dexamethasone resistance mechanisms 3. Glucocorticoid receptor signaling and loss-of-expression studies 4. Steroid-induced apoptosis and survival pathways 5. Comparative analysis with the dexamethasone-sensitive MM.1S line 6. CD38-associated plasma-cell research 7. Immunoglobulin production and secretory-pathway studies 8. Noncanonical NF-κB signaling linked to TRAF3 disruption 9. Antimyeloma drug-response, combination, and resistance assays 10. Three-dimensional culture, transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional-genomics studies |
| Storage Conditions | Store below −130°C, preferably in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen |
| Characteristics | |
| Dexamethasone Response | Resistant to dexamethasone |
| Glucocorticoid Receptor | No detectable glucocorticoid receptor expression in the reference characterization |
| Relationship to MM.1S | MM.1R and MM.1S originate from the same MM.1 parental line. MM.1R is dexamethasone resistant, whereas MM.1S is dexamethasone sensitive. |
| Immunophenotype | CD25 negative; CD38, CD52, and CD59 positive |
| Immunoglobulin Profile | Produces IgA lambda and expresses lambda light-chain immunoglobulin |
| TRAF3 Variant | Homozygous TRAF3 c.1604_1630delTCTTTGTGGCCCAAACTGTTCTAGAAA, producing p.Val536_Asn545delValPheValAlaGlnThrValLeuGluAsninsAsp |
| Pathway Context | TRAF3 disruption supports noncanonical NF-κB pathway studies in multiple myeloma |
| Population Doubling Time | Approximately 72 hours under the reference culture conditions |
| Mycoplasma Test | Negative |
| Culture Conditions and Handling | |
| Culture Conditions | 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂ |
| Medium Renewal | Replace or supplement with fresh medium every 2–3 days |
| Passage Endpoint | Subculture before the culture reaches confluence. Over-confluent cultures form rosette-like aggregates with necrotic centers. |
| Subcultivation Ratio | A split ratio of 1:2 to 1:4 is recommended |
| Subculturing | 1. Retain both the suspension fraction and the loosely adherent fraction. 2. Add fresh medium directly for routine maintenance when cell density and culture volume permit. 3. For a complete split, gently scrape the loosely adherent cells into the medium containing the floating cells. 4. Collect the combined cell population by centrifugation. 5. Resuspend the pellet in fresh complete medium and dispense into new culture flasks at a 1:2 to 1:4 split ratio. 6. Return the cultures to 37°C and 5% CO₂. |
| Thawing and Recovery | Thaw the vial rapidly with gentle agitation in a 37°C water bath; the reference procedure specifies approximately 2 minutes. Decontaminate the vial exterior with 70% ethanol and work aseptically. Transfer the contents to 9.0 mL of complete medium and centrifuge at approximately 125 × g for 5–7 minutes. Resuspend the pellet in complete medium and seed a fresh flask. Pre-equilibrate the medium in the incubator for at least 15 minutes to restore the pH range of 7.0–7.6, then incubate at 37°C and 5% CO₂. |
| Handling Notes | Do not discard floating cells when changing medium or passaging; they constitute the major growing population. Recover the loosely adherent fraction during a complete subculture so culture composition remains consistent. Prevent over-confluence and monitor rosette formation as an indicator of excessive density. Standardize passage number, cell density, serum lot, and exposure schedule when comparing dexamethasone responses. Verify STR identity and mycoplasma status periodically. |
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