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| General Information | |
| Organism | Homo sapiens, human |
| Cell Line Description | GBC-SD is a human gallbladder carcinoma cell line established from tumor tissue obtained from a 61-year-old male with poorly differentiated gallbladder carcinoma. The adherent culture contains epithelial-like cells with polygonal, square, and spindle-shaped forms. It retains tumor-associated antigen secretion and produces tumors in immunodeficient mice that resemble the source tumor histologically. GBC-SD provides a versatile model for investigating gallbladder cancer biology, proliferation, invasion, metastatic behavior, tumor-initiating subpopulations, signaling pathways, and therapeutic response. |
| Cell Type | Human gallbladder carcinoma cell |
| Tissue of Origin | Gallbladder |
| Disease | Poorly differentiated gallbladder carcinoma |
| Sex | Male |
| Age at Sampling | 61 years |
| Population | Chinese |
| Year Established | 2000; the initial biological characterization was published in 2001 |
| Morphology | Epithelial-like; polygonal, square, and spindle-shaped cells have been reported |
| Product Format | Frozen |
| Growth Mode | Adherent |
| Biosafety Level | Biosafety Level 1 is reported; confirm handling requirements through a local risk assessment before use |
| Applications | 1. Gallbladder carcinoma biology and disease-mechanism research 2. Tumor-cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays 3. Liver-metastasis and tumorigenicity studies 4. CEA and CA19-9 secretion research 5. Cancer stem-like and CD133-positive subpopulation studies 6. CXCR4/Akt-associated signaling and tumor-initiating-cell research 7. Anticancer drug screening, combination testing, and resistance studies 8. Functional genomics and pathway-perturbation workflows |
| Storage Conditions | Store in liquid nitrogen at −150°C to −196°C for long-term preservation; −80°C is suitable only for short interim storage |
| Characteristics | |
| Tumor Marker Production | Maintains secretion of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) |
| Karyotype | A broad chromosome range of 37–145 was reported, with a modal chromosome number of 81 |
| Tumorigenicity | Tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. |
| Metastatic Potential | The parental line produced subcutaneous tumors in 90% of mice in one study and generated liver metastases after intrasplenic inoculation. Serial in vivo selection yielded a distinct high-metastatic subline; results obtained with that derivative should not be assigned to the parental GBC-SD line. |
| Tumor-Initiating Subpopulation | A separable CD133-positive subset has been characterized. Compared with the CD133-negative subset, sorted CD133-positive cells showed greater proliferation, invasion, colony formation, tumor formation, and reduced sensitivity to fluorouracil and gemcitabine under the reported assay conditions. |
| Stemness-Associated Signaling | In the characterized CD133-positive subset, higher expression of ABCG2, CD44, CXCR4, phosphorylated Akt, and CD133 was reported. The SDF-1α/CXCR4/Akt axis modulated CD133 expression in that experimental system. |
| Mycoplasma Test | Negative |
| Culture Conditions and Handling | |
| Culture Conditions | 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂ |
| Medium Renewal | Replace the medium every 2–3 days, or 2–3 times per week according to culture density and condition |
| Passage Endpoint | Subculture during logarithmic growth before the monolayer becomes over-confluent; maintain a consistent confluence endpoint for comparative assays |
| Subculturing | 1. Remove the spent medium from the adherent culture. 2. Rinse the monolayer gently with calcium- and magnesium-free balanced salt solution. 3. Add sufficient 0.25% trypsin–EDTA to cover the cell layer and incubate at 37°C for approximately 2–3 minutes. 4. Monitor microscopically and terminate dissociation when cells round up and detach; avoid tapping or shaking the vessel. 5. Add complete medium, gently disperse the cells into a single-cell suspension, and collect the suspension. 6. Centrifuge at approximately 250 × g for 3 minutes, remove the supernatant, and resuspend gently in fresh complete medium. 7. Seed into new culture vessels at the required ratio and return to 37°C and 5% CO₂. |
| Subcultivation Ratio | A split ratio of 1:2 to 1:4 is reported for routine expansion |
| Thawing and Recovery | Pre-warm complete medium to 37°C. Thaw the vial rapidly in a 37°C water bath in less than 1 minute, stopping when a small ice crystal remains. Disinfect the vial exterior, then transfer the suspension dropwise into approximately 9 mL of pre-warmed complete medium. Centrifuge at approximately 250 × g for 5 minutes, remove the supernatant, gently resuspend the pellet, and seed into a suitable culture vessel. Minimize the time spent at room temperature. |
| Cryopreservation | A reported freezing formulation consists of 60% basal medium, 30% fetal bovine serum, and 10% DMSO. Freeze at a controlled rate before transfer to liquid nitrogen. |
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Price |
|---|---|---|
| CSC-RR0620 | Luciferase Reporter Cell Line - GBC-SD | Inquiry |
| CSC-RR00763 | GFP Reporter Cell Line - GBC-SD | Inquiry |
| CSC-RO01589 | OVAL Stable Cell Line - GBC-SD | Inquiry |
| CSC-RO01842 | GFP/OVAL Stable Cell Line - GBC-SD | Inquiry |
| CSC-RO02095 | Luc/OVAL Stable Cell Line - GBC-SD | Inquiry |
| CSC-RO02348 | GFP/Luc/OVAL Stable Cell Line - GBC-SD | Inquiry |
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