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| General Information | |
| Organism | Macaca mulatta, Rhesus monkey |
| Cell Line Description | LLC-MK2 (Lilly Laboratories Culture–Monkey Kidney 2) is a spontaneously immortalized epithelial cell line. Established by Robert N. Hull and his colleagues at Lilly Research Laboratories, the cell line was derived from a trypsin-digested mixture of cells from the kidneys of an adult rhesus macaque. It was first reported in 1959, with a detailed characterization following in 1962. These cells grow as an adherent epithelial monolayer and represent one of the most widely used non-human primate cell substrates in virological research. LLC-MK2 supports the replication of a variety of viruses, including poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus B4, bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1, simian virus 40 (SV40), bluetongue virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The cell line is extensively utilized for virus isolation and propagation, determination of viral titers, plaque assays, and research into vaccines and antiviral drugs. Unlike primary monkey kidney cultures, LLC-MK2 can be passaged indefinitely, providing a stable substrate for virological experiments. |
| Tissue | Kidney (normal) |
| Disease | Normal (spontaneously immortalized epithelial cell line) |
| Morphology | Epithelial |
| Age | Adult |
| Ethnicity | Rhesus macaque (non-human primate) |
| Product Format | Frozen |
| Growth Mode | Adherent |
| Biosafety Level | 1 (Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines) |
| Applications | 1. Isolation and propagation of poliovirus, coxsackievirus B4 and bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 2. Culture of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging respiratory viruses for antiviral screening 3. Simian virus 40 and bluetongue virus replication and serological studies 4. Viral titration, plaque assays and virus neutralization testing 5. Vaccine research and development, and veterinary diagnostic virology 6. Plasminogen activator production and three-dimensional cell culture |
| Shipped In | Dry ice |
| Storage Temperature | −196°C |
| Characteristics | |
| Genetic Profile | Spontaneously immortalized; species identity confirmed as Macaca mulatta |
| Expression Markers | Secretes plasminogen activator |
| Culture Conditions and Handling | |
| Subculturing | 1. Remove and discard the culture medium. 2. Briefly rinse the cell monolayer with PBS (Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-free) to thoroughly remove residual serum. 3. Add 2.0 to 3.0 mL of 0.25% Trypsin–0.53 mM EDTA solution, and observe under an inverted microscope until the cell monolayer has dispersed (typically takes 2 to 5 minutes). 4. Add 6.0 to 8.0 mL of complete growth medium, and gently pipette to prepare a single-cell suspension. 5. Aliquot the cell suspension into new culture vessels. |
| Medium Renewal | Every 2 to 3 days |
| Subcultivation Ratio | A split ratio of 1:2 to 1:10 is recommended. |
| Culture Conditions | Atmosphere: Air, 95%; CO2, 5%; Temperature: 37°C |
| Cryopreservation | Complete growth medium supplemented with 5% (v/v) DMSO |
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Price |
|---|---|---|
| CSC-RT0130 | ApoE Knockout Cell Line-LLC-MK2 | Inquiry |
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