Protocol for Generating Stably Expressed Mammalian Cell Lines Using Lentivirus
Experiment Summary
Stable cell lines generated using lentivirus exhibit long term protein expression and the system is highly reproducible. In this protocol, we describe the use of the 3rd generation lentiviral system which uses three different plasmids for generating stable cell lines. First plasmid contains your gene of interest usually flanked by Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) sequences, that are integrated into the host genome. Second is the pCMV Delta R8.2 plasmid that encodes all components necessary for packaging the lentivirus viz. HIV-1 Gag, Pol, Tat and Rev. Third and the final plasmid is the pCMV VSVG that encodes the viral envelope protein.
Fig. 1 Schematic representation of generation of stable cell lines using lentivirus.
Materials and Reagents
1. 10 cm2 tissue culture treated plates
2. Low protein binding 0.45 μm PDVF filters
3. 10 ml plastic syringes sterile
4. Sterile Glass jar
5. Disposable plastic pipettes (5 ml and 10 ml)
6. Sterile 1.5 ml tubes
7. Pasteur pipettes
8. HEK293T (293T)
9. Target cell line (any human cancer cell line)
10. Xtreme gene 9 transfection reagents
11. Packaging plasmids: pCMV delta R8.2 and pCMV-VSV-G and your plasmid of interest
12. 10% bleach
13. Polybrene solution: 8 mg/ml in water filter sterilized, made fresh every time
14. Opti-MEM reduced serum medium
15. DMEM complete medium with 10% FBS and pen-strep
16. Selection antibiotic
17. Dry ice or liquid nitrogen
18. DMSO
19. Liquid nitrogen
Equipment
1. Cell culture incubators (37 °C, 5% CO2 and 32 °C, 5% CO2)
2. Hemocytometer (Standard)
3. Laminar hood BSL-2 type
4. 37 °C water bath
5. Autoclave
6. Micropipettes (1,000 μl, 200 μl)
7. -80 °C freezer
Procedure
A. Preparation of lentivirus in HEK293T cells
1. Day 0: Seed about 2-3 million HEK293T cells in a 10 cm2 plate.
2. Day 1: HEK293T cells should be about 70-80% confluent. If for some reason they seem less you may wait for another 8-10 h.
3. Prepare transfection mix using the following proportions in a sterile 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube as per manufacturer's instructions:
| Opti-MEM medium | 1 ml |
| pCMV delta R8.2 | 2 μg |
| pCMV-VSV-G | 0.5 μg |
| Target plasmid | 1.5 μg |
| Xtreme gene 9 | 12 μl (1:3, DNA:Xtreme Gene, Ratio) |
Once you add all the five components in a 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube, mix the solution by pipetting or inverting. Do not vortex. Incubate the mix for about 20 min at room temperature.
4. Aspirate the medium from HEK293T cells using Pasteur pipettes and add about 9 ml fresh complete DMEM medium.
5. After 20 min incubation of the transfection mix, add the mix to the HEK293T using a 200 μl micropipette. Make sure to add the mix drop-by-drop to cover the complete area of the plate.
6. Incubate the plate in a 37 °C cell culture incubator for about 48 h.
7. Day 3: Using a 10 ml disposable sterile pipette, collect the supernatant/media off the HEK293T plates in a sterile 15 ml tube. Add another fresh 10 ml DMEM media to the plate and move it back to the incubator. Transfer the collected supernatant into a 10 ml syringe and then filter it through a 0.45 μm PVDF filter inside the laminar hood. This step will result in collection of filtered viral supernatant without any residual HEK293T cells in it.
8. If you do not have your target cells ready or if you plan to use the lentivirus later, you can snap freeze the viral supernatant using dry ice or liquid nitrogen and then store it at -80 °C. The virus is usually stable for several months at this temperature.
9. Day 4: If desired, another round of 10 ml lentiviral supernatant can be collected from still growing HEK293T cell plates, similar to Day 3. Before discarding the HEK293T cell plates in the biohazard bin, they should be treated with 10% bleach for about 5-10 min.
B. Preparation of target cells
1. Day 2 (if you want to do this in parallel with the virus preparation, Recommended): Seed about 0.5-1 x 106 target cells each in two 10 cm2 tissue culture plates. One plate is where you will add the viral supernatant, i.e., the lentivirus and the other will be your killing control where you will not add any lentivirus.
2. Day 3: The target cells should be around 40%-50% confluent prior to transduction, i.e., addition of virus. If your lentivirus is in the freezer, make sure you thaw it in a 37 °C water bath before adding it to the cells. Once the cells are ready, prepare a polybrene medium (target cell medium) mix. The final concentration of polybrene should be 8 μg/ml. Prepare 10x polybrene medium mix by adding 2 ml medium with 20 μl of 8 mg/ml Polybrene. Aspirate the medium in the target cells using Pasteur pipette and add 1 ml polybrene medium mix and let it incubate for about 1-2 min.
3. Using a disposable 10 ml pipette, add 9 ml lentivirus to the target cells. Add plain medium to the killing control plate.
4. Day 4: Repeat the same steps as Day 3, to do a second round of transduction to ensure all the cells get the lentivirus. See the note in Step A7.
5. Day 5: Add the selection antibiotic at the killing concentration (e.g., Puromycin 1-2 μg/ml) to both plates. See Notes to determine the killing concentration of the selection antibiotic. Typically, fresh media with antibiotic is added every two days until all the cells in the killing control plate are dead.
6. Days 8-10: Before you do any further experiments, make sure to cryo-freeze about 1/4th portion of cells in 10% DMSO with DMEM in liquid nitrogen. Passage the rest of the cells for RNA/protein isolation, in order to validate for stable expression of protein of interest.
* For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.