Cre-GFP Adeno-associated virus (AAV serotype 2) is a widely used tool in molecular biology and genetic engineering to study gene function and regulation. This gene delivery vector combines Cre recombinase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) within the AAV2 capsid. Cre recombinase is an enzyme derived from P1 bacteriophage that recognizes loxP sites on DNA. When these sites are strategically placed in the genome of an organism, Cre can recombinate DNA at these sites, resulting in deletion, inversion, or translocation of specific genomic segments. This enables scientists to create conditional knockouts or express genes in a tissue-specific manner, thereby elucidating gene function in a variety of biological contexts.
On the other hand, GFP is a well-known marker used to visualize and track gene expression due to its inherent ability to fluoresce under specific lighting conditions. GFP fused to Cre recombinase in AAV vectors allows researchers to monitor the expression and activity of the recombinase in real time, providing a powerful tool for mapping gene expression patterns in vivo.
Grb2-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1) is a docking/scaffolding molecule known to play important roles in cell growth and survival. Here, researchers show that Gab1 is reduced in cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and AD mouse models. In mice, selective ablation of Gab1 in medial septal cholinergic neurons impairs learning and memory as well as hippocampal long-term potentiation. Gab1 ablation also inhibits SK channels, leading to increased firing in septal cholinergic neurons. On the other hand, Gab1 overexpression improves cognitive function and restores hippocampal CaMKII autophosphorylation in AD mice. These results suggest that Gab1 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of AD and may represent a novel therapeutic target for diseases involving cholinergic dysfunction.
In this study, recombinant AAV2-GFP vector encoding Cre recombinase (AAV2-GFP-Cre) or scrambled sequence AAV2 for control was injected into the septum of 8-week-old Gab1f/f mice. Gab1 expression in Cre-expressing neurons was significantly suppressed 3 weeks after injection (Figure 1A). The same injection had no effect on Gab2 expression (Figure 1B). Silencing Gab1 had no effect on grip strength, but it led to a significant decrease in the discrimination index in the NORT (Figure 1C) and a decrease in the success rate of the Y-maze test (Figure 1D).
Figure 1. Loss of Gab1 in the septum leads to cognitive dysfunction. (A) Distribution of AAV2-Cre-GFP in the septum of Gab1f/f mice 3 weeks after microinjection. (B) Left: Representative Western blots of Gab1 and Gab2 in the septum of Gab1f/f mice injected with AAV2-Cre-GFP and mice injected with scrambled sequence. Right: Gab1 protein expression in mice injected with scrambled sequence was quantified as a densitometry ratio. (C) NORT data of Gab1f/f mice injected with AAV2-Cre-GFP and mice injected with scrambled sequence. (D) Y-maze data of Gab1f/f mice injected with AAV2-Cre-GFP and mice injected with scrambled sequence. (Lu N N, et al., 2018)
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