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Apple Transformation Service

Apple is a core component of the global fruit industry and one of the most economically important temperate fruit trees. Creative Biogene has developed a comprehensive genetic transformation service system for apple, covering stable genetic transformation, transient expression, gene function research, and gene editing across multiple directions. We develop specialized technical approaches for different cultivars such as "Fuji" and "Gala," enabling researchers to efficiently explore the apple's genetic foundations and trait improvement pathways.

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) has extensive cultivation and commercial value worldwide, with breeding and trait improvement research being crucial for increasing yield, enhancing quality, and strengthening stress resistance. As an outcrossing perennial woody plant with a complex genome structure and long life cycle, traditional breeding methods often require multiple generations of backcrossing, screening, and phenotypic identification, resulting in lengthy breeding cycles, low efficiency, and unstable genetic backgrounds that cannot meet the rapid development needs of modern agriculture. Additionally, genetic transformation faces numerous technical challenges due to issues such as browning during tissue culture, low callus induction efficiency, and unstable regeneration rates. In recent years, with advances in plant tissue culture techniques, improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency, and continuous optimization of gene editing tools, apple genetic transformation has gradually evolved from "technical exploration" to "application breakthrough."

Service Content

Leveraging our advanced plant transformation platform and extensive experience with woody fruit tree transformation, Creative Biogene provides comprehensive apple genetic transformation solutions covering Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated stable transformation systems, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), virus-mediated overexpression (VOX), artificial microRNA (amiRNA)-mediated silencing systems, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing platforms.

1. Stable Transformation System

Currently, the leaf disc method mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens remains the most efficient and widely applied stable genetic transformation approach for apple. Creative Biogene has continuously optimized transformation conditions and regeneration systems to develop a highly efficient transformation process applicable to multiple varieties.

We offer the following support:

  • Specialized leaf disc pre-culture and Agrobacterium infection process optimization
  • Silwet L-77 and other surfactant-enhanced infection efficiency strategies
  • Integrated resistance screening, tissue culture regeneration, and rooting systems
  • T-DNA integration verification (PCR/Southern blot) and expression validation (qPCR/Western)

2. Gene Silencing and Overexpression Systems

To achieve functional loss or enhanced expression of specific genes, Creative Biogene provides various reversible regulatory strategies:

  • Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)
  • Virus-mediated overexpression (VOX)
  • miRNA-mediated silencing systems

3. Gene Editing Platform

To address the need for knockout or precise editing of multiple functional genes in apple, we have established gene editing platforms:

  • Single-target and multi-target gRNA construction
  • Apple-specific expression vector systems based on U6 promoters
  • Cas9 expression and screening processes in vitro culture systems
  • Gene editing efficiency verification (T7E1, Sanger sequencing, NGS)
  • Exploratory research on homologous recombination-mediated knock-in (HDR)

4. Transformation System Development and Cultivar Adaptability Optimization

One of the challenges in apple transformation systems is their strong dependence on variety. Creative Biogene has developed customized explant processing strategies and culture media systems for varieties with different genetic backgrounds and regeneration capabilities. We also combine phenotypic screening with transcriptome analysis at key regeneration stages to provide a basis for developing proprietary transformation systems for new varieties.

Technical Advantages

  • Specializing in perennial woody plant transformation with rich experience
  • Mature platform systems with high transformation success rates
  • Rapid construction of transient expression and functional verification models
  • Multiple viral vector systems supporting gene silencing and overexpression
  • Comprehensive molecular verification methods and subsequent phenotypic analysis support

Application Areas

  • Functional research on apple disease resistance and stress resistance genes
  • Regulatory research on metabolic pathways, such as fruit development and anthocyanin synthesis
  • New fruit variety breeding and molecular marker-assisted breeding
  • Development and optimization of woody plant gene editing systems
  • Genetic improvement and industrialization research for long-cycle fruit trees

Service Process

  1. Client submission of project requirements and target gene information
  2. Evaluation of experimental pathways and transformation strategies by dedicated technical advisors
  3. Customized explant preparation and transformation system design
  4. Implementation of genetic transformation and screening (stable/transient expression)
  5. Molecular detection and functional verification
  6. Experimental report and results delivery

Contact Us

For more information or customized service solutions, please contact Creative Biogene's plant genetic transformation technology team. We will provide you with one-stop, professional Apple transformation solutions.

References:

  1. Schröpfer S, Lempe J, Emeriewen OF, et al. Recent Developments and Strategies for the Application of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Apple Malus× domestica Borkh. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:928292.
  2. Verma P, Sharma NC, Sharma DP, et al. Dwarfism mechanism in Malus clonal rootstocks. Planta. 2024;260(6):133.
* For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.
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