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Aptamers, short RNA or DNA oligonucleotides (usually 20-60 nucleotides), bind target molecules with high specificity and affinity, including inorganic compounds, proteins, and cells. They resemble antibodies but are easier and cheaper to produce, and lack immunogenicity and toxicity. Aptamers are versatile for diagnostics, therapeutics, target purification, and biosensor design. Creative Biogene's aptamers target key proteins like ACVR1A, Akt, EGFR, and VEGFR, providing highly specific nucleic acid ligands for precise experimental design. These advanced tools play pivotal roles in cancer biology and cell signaling research. Committed to customer satisfaction, we offer customizable aptamer solutions tailored to unique research needs. Experience cutting-edge aptamer technology with Creative Biogene, where quality meets innovation.
Key Features of Our Aptamers
Derived through an in vitro selection technique known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX), aptamers are structured oligonucleotide sequences (RNA or DNA) with strict target recognition capability and high affinity for corresponding target molecules (such as proteins, viruses, bacteria, cells, heavy metal ions, etc.). SELEX amalgamates the virtues of DNA synthesis methods and the convenience of PCR technology, enabling the selection of specific functional nucleic acids from a substantial array of oligodeoxynucleotides.
Nucleic acid aptamers offer advantages over antibodies, including a broader range of targets, enhanced thermal stability, smaller size, synthetic accessibility, minimal variability, and ease of modification. Consequently, they find extensive utility in research, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. While monoclonal antibodies are commonly employed in diagnostic techniques like Western blotting and ELISA, aptamers excel in scenarios demanding precise and effective target binding. Aptamers, akin to antibodies, can purify proteins and exhibit potential therapeutic benefits and biosensor applications. The table below illustrates the differences between the two:
| Characteristics | Aptamers | Antibody |
|---|---|---|
| Affinity/Specificity | High (Kd in picomolar to nanomolar range) | High (Kd in picomolar to nanomolar range) |
| Molecular weight | Small, approximately 6000-30, 000 Daltons | Large, approximately 150,000 Daltons |
| Immunogenicity | None/Low | High |
| Tissue penetration ability | Rapid, easily internalized by cells | Low penetration and internalization efficiency |
| Thermal/Chemical stability | High | Unstable, prone to irreversible denaturation |
| Modification difficulty | Easily modified or coupled with functional groups | Difficult to modify |
| Production method | Solid-phase synthesis technology | Mammalian systems |
| Batch-to-batch variation | Low batch-to-batch variation, high uniformity of products | Large batch-to-batch variation |
| Production time | Several hours | Several days to months |
| Production cost | Low | High |
| Target recognition | Broad, capable of recognizing ions, peptides, small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cells, and tissues | Recognizes only immunogenic targets |
Case Study 1
The researchers sought to address the debilitating impact of prostate cancer bone metastasis (PB) on patient well-being. Recognizing the challenge of delivering drugs effectively to metastatic bone lesions, the study aimed to harness aptamers as a targeted drug delivery solution. Through in vivo SELEX, the researchers identified a bone-targeting aptamer named "PB," displaying high specificity for modulated endothelial cells in response to cancer cells within the bones of mice with PBs. The successful verification of the targeting efficiency of the PB aptamer, coupled with gold particles in vivo, underscores the potential of in vivo SELEX for discovering aptamers tailored for bone-targeted drug delivery systems. This research holds promise for advancing the treatment of PB, offering a more targeted and efficient therapeutic approach.
Figure 1. The distribution of the PB aptamer relative to bone marrow vascular endothelium, as well as its colocalization with a vascular endothelial cell marker in both normal bone marrow and tumor environments, was investigated by the researchers. (Chen L, et al., 2018)
Case Study 2
CD19, a crucial B cell surface marker, recently gained attention as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for B-cell malignancies. Researchers sought safe and effective ligands for CD19, leading to the isolation of B85.T2, a nuclease-resistant RNA aptamer. Demonstrating stability in human serum and efficient cell internalization, B85.T2 holds promise for CD19 targeting with a dissociation constant of 49.9 ± 13 nM. This aptamer, recognized as a 'chemical antibody,' not only offers potential for B-cell malignancy therapies but also serves as a versatile carrier for secondary reagents, advancing targeted conventional and immunotherapies for enhanced treatment modalities.
Figure 2. Short aptamers derived from B88 and B85 were designed and evaluated by the researchers for their binding efficacy on COS-7 and COS-7/CD19 cells, quantified by qRT-PCR. Additionally, the serum stability of B88.T2 and B85.T2 aptamers over time in 80% human serum was assessed using electrophoresis. (Esposito CL, et al., 2021)
Case Study 3
Crucial transient interactions between transcription factors, hormones, and the transcription machinery drive dynamic gene expression control and regulation of cellular processes. Researchers utilized aptamers to address spatiotemporal misregulation, employing a biomimetic approach with malachite green (MG) and/or DFHBI DNA scaffolds, T7 RNA polymerase aptamers, and an inhibited T7 RNAP-aptamer complex. Through strategic incorporation of counter RNAP aptamer strands and ribonucleoside triphosphates, they triggered transient temporal transcription processes, showcasing gated and cascaded effects. This innovative concept introduced a bimodal transcription module synthesizing a transient operating ribozyme.
Figure 3. Aptamers, specifically the MG-RNA aptamer, were utilized by the researchers with the aim of achieving triggered transient activation of transcription. The dynamic process was controlled by the autoinhibiting T7 RNAP aptamer, showcasing time-dependent fluorescence changes and transient catalytic transcription rates at different trigger concentrations. (Li Z, et al., 2022)
Q: How do aptamers compare to antibodies regarding binding efficiency and specificity?
A: (1) Aptamer Versatility: Aptamers, like antibodies, exhibit remarkable binding efficiency and specificity, making them suitable for a diverse range of target molecules.
(2) Western Blot Performance: In Western blotting, aptamers often recognize membrane-immobilized proteins compared to antibodies, showcasing enhanced performance in certain experimental setups.
(3) ELISA Sensitivity: ELISA protocols demonstrate heightened sensitivity when aptamers replace antibodies, presenting a valuable advantage for researchers aiming to detect low concentrations of target molecules.
Q: Can aptamers be used for purifying target proteins?
A: (1) Purification Similarity: Similar to antibodies, aptamers serve as effective tools for the purification of target proteins from complex mixtures.
(2) Target Protein Isolation: Aptamers facilitate the isolation of specific proteins, streamlining downstream analysis processes and contributing to the efficiency of protein purification strategies.
Q: How do aptamers contribute to biosensor design?
A: (1) Versatile Recognition Elements: Aptamers serve as versatile recognition elements in biosensors, providing a flexible and reliable approach to detect and quantify specific target molecules.
(2) High Sensitivity and Selectivity: Using aptamers in biosensors ensures high sensitivity and selectivity, enhancing the precision of molecular detection and analysis.
Q: How can Creative Biogene assist me in incorporating aptamers into my research?
A: (1) Comprehensive Service Range: Creative Biogene offers a full spectrum of services dedicated to developing customized aptamer products for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
(2) Tailored Solutions: Leveraging our expertise, we provide tailored solutions to address the unique challenges and goals of your research, ensuring effective integration and utilization of aptamers in your projects.
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Price |
|---|---|---|
| ATP00001 | ACVR1A / ALK-2(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00002 | ACVR1B / ALK-4 / Actin RIB / SKR2(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00003 | ACVR2A / Act R-IIa(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00004 | ACVRL1(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00005 | AGC1 / CSPG1 / ACAN(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00006 | Akt1 / PKB alpha(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00007 | Akt2 / PKB beta(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00008 | Akt3 / PKBG(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00009 | ALCAM / CD166(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00010 | ASAM / CLMP / ACAM(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00011 | Axl(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00012 | Bcan / Brevican / BEHAB(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00013 | BMPR-2(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00014 | Cathepsin B / APPS / CTSB / CPSB(hu) | Inquiry |
| ATP00015 | Cathepsin C / DPPI / Cathepsin J / CTSC(hu) | Inquiry |
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