Human TLR3/NF-kB/SEAP Reporter Stable Cell Line-HEK293

TLR3 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-kB and the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. Use of alternative polyadenylation sites to generate different length transcripts has been noted for this gene. Placental alkaline phosphatase is one of the most stable isoenzyme, only existing in the placenta of higher primates. These characteristics make placental alkaline phosphatase suitable to use as a reporter gene for the analysis of promoter activity and gene expression in cell culture and animal serum. The natural form of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is membrane anchored. The recombinant form of placental alkaline phosphatase (secreted alkaline phosphatase, SEAP) is used for reporter gene function. SEAP is created by inserting a translational terminator after amino acid 489 (Berger, et al., Gene 66 : 10. This mutation converts the membrane-bound PLAP protein into the secreted protein. As a major transcription factor, NF-kB plays a key role in regulating genes responsible for the innate and adaptive immune responses. In unstimulated cells, the NF-kB dimers are held in the cytoplasm by IkBs that masks the nuclear localization signals of NF-kB. Upon cell stimulation, which leads to IkB degradation, NF-kB quickly translocates to the nucleus and activates various genes that have DNA-binding sites for NF-kB.