scFv(CD19)-CD3zeta CAR-T Lentivirus

Recently, there have been some advances in cancer immunotherapy using genetically modified T cells. One approach is to transduce tumor-specific TCRs into the patient's own T cells to generate cytotoxic T cells. Currently, ongoing phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials are using autologous T cells that have been transduced to express tumor antigens such as NY-ESO-1, MART-1, and WT-1. A trial used lentiviral vectors to transfer TCRs specific for the common peptide of NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, and clinical responses were observed in 16 of 20 patients with minimal safety. In addition, lentiviral vectors have better transduction efficiency than gamma-retroviral vectors when transducing T cells with TCRs targeting Melan-A/MART-1 antigens. A phase II clinical trial using lentiviral vectors to transduce T cells expressing MART-1 is ongoing in patients with metastatic melanoma. Similar to the method of reprogramming T cells using TCR, the introduction of CAR-T cells targeting the B cell marker CD19 into T cells via lentiviral and retroviral vectors has produced significant clinical responses in patients with B cell malignancies. Clinical trials using CAR-T cell therapy targeting CD19 for the treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia have demonstrated significant efficacy, with durable complete remission rates achieved in more than 60% of relapsed or refractory patients. In addition, complete response rates of approximately 40 to 70% were observed in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.