Cat.No. : AAV00023Z
Titer: ≥1x10^12 GC/mL / ≥1x10^13 GC/mL Size: 30 ul/100 ul/500 ul/1 ml
Serotype: AAV Serotype 1 Storage: -80 ℃
| Cat. No. | AAV00023Z |
| Description | LacZ Adeno-associated virus(AAV Serotype 1) which expresses β-galactosidase (LacZ) under CMV promoter. LacZ is frequently used as reporter gene. This is achieved by staining the tissues or cells with substrates like X-gal, which produces a blue color in the presence of beta-galactosidase. |
| Reporter | LacZ |
| Serotype | AAV Serotype 1 |
| Product Type | Adeno-associated virus |
| Application | 1. Determination of optimal MOI (multiplicity of infection), administration methods etc. 2. Detection of the infection efficiency of the AAV serotype against a specific cell type or tissue. 3. Using reporter genes to visualize the distribution and expression of AAV vectors in live animals, helping assess the biodistribution and persistence of gene delivery. |
| Titer | Varies lot by lot, typically ≥1x10^12 GC/mL |
| Size | Varies lot by lot, for example, 30 μL, 50 μL, 100 μL etc. |
| Storage | Store at -80℃. Avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Shipping | Frozen on dry ice |
| Creative Biogene ensures high-quality AAV particles by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing stringent quality control (QC). The specific QC experiments performed vary between AAV particle lots. | |
| Endotoxin | Endotoxins, primarily derived from Gram-negative bacteria, can trigger adverse immune responses. Endotoxin contamination is a significant concern in the production of AAV, especially for applications in animal studies and gene therapy. Effective endotoxin quality control is essential in the development and manufacturing of AAV particles. Creative Biogene utilizes rigorous endotoxin detection methods to monitor the endotoxin level in our produced AAV particles to ensure regulatory compliance. |
| Purity | AAV purity is critical for ensuring the safety and efficacy of AAV-based applications.AAV capsids are composed of three main protein components, known as viral proteins: VP1, VP2, and VP3. These proteins play a critical role in the structure and functionality of the AAV capsid. Monitoring the VP1, VP2, and VP3 content in AAV preparations is essential for quality control in AAV production. Our AAV particles are tested for showing three clear bands of VP1, VP2 VP3 by SDS-PAGE. |
| Sterility | The AAV virus samples are inoculated into the cell culture medium for about 5 days to detect bacterial and fungal growth. |
| Transducibility | Upon requirement, Creative Biogene can perform in vitro or in vivo transduction assays to evaluate the ability of AAV to deliver genetic material into target cells or tissues, and assess gene expression and functional activities. |
| Empty vs. Full Capsids | Based-on our proprietary AAV production and purification technology, Creative Biogene can always offer AAV particles with high ratio of full capsids. If required, we can also assess the ratio for a specifc lot of AAV particles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or other methods. |
| Gene Name | lacZ beta-D-galactosidase [ Cronobacter turicensis z3032 ] |
| Gene Symbol | LacZ |
| Synonyms | LACZ; beta-D-galactosidase; EC 3.2.1.23; |
| Gene ID | 8460891 |
| Pathway | Galactose metabolism, organism-specific biosystem; Galactose metabolism, conserved biosystem; Metabolic pathways, organism-specific biosystem; Other glycan degradation, organism-specific biosystem; Other glycan degradation, conserved biosystem; Sphingolipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem; Sphingolipid metabolism, conserved biosystem; |
Increased soluble endoglin (sENG) is observed in human brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM). Furthermore, simultaneous overexpression of sENG with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A has been shown to induce dysplastic vessel formation in the mouse brain. In this study, researchers demonstrated that the presence of sENG and VEGF-A overexpression induced dysplastic blood vessel formation. They found that sENG increased VEGF-A, pro-inflammatory cytokines/inflammasome mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β) and proteolytic enzyme (MMP-9) in BV2 microglia. sENG-treated BV2-conditioned medium (BV2-sENG-CM) significantly increased the levels of angiogenic factors (Notch-1 and TGFβ) and pERK1/2 in ECs but decreased the levels of the anti-angiogenic mediator IL-17RD. Finally, BV2-sENG-CM significantly increased EC migration and tube formation. Taken together, these studies indicated that sENG stimulates microglia to express angiogenic/inflammatory molecules that may be involved in EC dysfunction.
Because enhanced circulating sENG was detected in patients with bAVM, researchers systematically injected recombinant human sENG into mice with focal cerebral VEGF-A overexpression via intracerebral injection of AAV1-VEGF-A (Figure 1A). In mice treated with sENG and overexpressing VEGF-A, blue latex-cast brains clearly showed dysplastic and enlarged vasculatures. The dysplastic vessels formed around the AAV1-VEGF-A-injected site (ipsilateral) (Figure 1B), and the volume of dysplastic vessels was significantly increased compared to normal vessels in the other hemisphere without AAV1-VEGF-A injection (contralateral) (Figure 1B,C). No dysplastic vessels were found in the brains of mice with only VEGF-A overexpression, i.e., mice that were not injected with sENG or treated with sENG injected with control AAV1-LacZ (Figure 1C). By immunostaining with a CD31 antibody, the researchers confirmed the presence of significantly dilated blood vessels in the brains of mice with VEGF-A overexpression and sENG administration (Figure 1D). These data suggest that the combination of sENG and VEGF-A overexpression results in vascular malformations.
Figure 1. Soluble ENG/VEGF-A induces the formation of dysplastic vessels in the mouse brain. (Park E S, et al., 2022)
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Compared to other viral vectors we’ve tested, the LacZ Adeno-associated virus(AAV Serotype 1) stands out due to its high safety profile and low immunogenicity.
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