EML4-ALK, also known as echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase, is a fusion gene that combines part of the EML4 gene with part of the ALK gene. This fusion is often caused by chromosomal rearrangements, specifically a type of translocation that is most common in certain types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
EML4 is a gene that codes for a protein involved in the organization of microtubules, components of the cytoskeleton required for cell shape, function, and division. ALK, on the other hand, stands for anaplastic lymphoma kinase, an enzyme that in its normal state is active primarily in cells of the nervous system during early development. When it becomes active in cells where it is not normally present, it can promote cell growth and division in an uncontrolled manner.
The G1202R-L1196M point mutation refers to a specific change in the DNA sequence of the EML4-ALK fusion gene. This mutation further increases the activity of the EML4-ALK protein, making it more effective in driving cancer progression. The G1202R mutation occurs at position 1202 of the ALK domain, in which glycine (G) is replaced by arginine (R), while the L1196M mutation occurs at position 1196, in which leucine (L) is replaced by methionine (M) replace. Research is currently underway to develop drugs that effectively target and inhibit the EML4-ALK fusion protein harboring the G1202R-L1196M mutation, with the goal of improving and personalizing cancer treatment options for patients harboring these genetic alterations.
Alectinib has shown higher efficacy in first-line treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. However, most patients relapse due to acquired resistance, such as secondary mutations of ALK, including I1171N and G1202R. Although ceritinib or lorlatinib have been shown to be effective against these resistance mutants, relapsed patients often develop further resistance due to ALK compound mutations after the use of ceritinib or lorlatinib. Here, researchers identified 14 lorlatinib-resistant ALK compound mutants, including several mutants recently found in lorlatinib-resistant patients. Some of these compound mutants were found to be sensitive to early ALK-TKIs and several BCR-ABL inhibitors. Using computational simulations, researchers successfully demonstrated a clear linear correlation between the binding free energy and in vitro experimental IC50 values of several ALK-TKIs with single or compound mutant EML4-ALK-expressing Ba/F3 cells, and reproduced the trend of reduced binding affinity caused by double mutations found in the study. Computational simulations revealed that the ALK-L1256F single mutant conferred resistance to lorlatinib but increased sensitivity to alectinib.
The results showed that AG-957, developed as a BCR-ABL inhibitor, preferentially inhibited the viability of G1202R+L1196M cells, rather than ALK-WT or ALK-G1202R mutant cells (Figure 1a and b). Therefore, to study the sensitivity to AG-957 in detail, they selected BaF3 cells #50 expressing EML4-ALK-G1202R+L1196M, whose sensitivity to the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG was similar to that of Ba/F3 EML4-ALK wild-type, Ba/F3 G1202R, and G1202R+L1196M polyclonal cells. Next, the detailed sensitivity of EML4-ALK-G1202R+L1196M #50 cells to AG-957 and adaphostin, an AG-957 analog, was tested (Figure 1c). Compared with ALK-G1202R or ALK-WT cells, EML4-ALK-G1202R+L1196M cells #50 showed lower IC50 values (Figure 1d-g). Since AG-957 and adaphostin treatment significantly reduced ALK autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of downstream signals in a dose-dependent manner, it was suggested that AG-957 and adaphostin directly inhibited the ALK-G1202R+L1196M mutation (Figure 1h).
Figure 1. Identification of inhibitors able to inhibit the lorlatinib-resistant ALK-G1202R + L1196M double mutant. (Okada K, et al. 2019)
Human EML4-ALK-G1202R-L1196M stable cell line-Ba/F3 can be used in a variety of applications, primarily in biological and medical research.
Drug screening: These cells can be used in drug screening to discover new compounds or drugs that may inhibit the function of the EML4-ALK fusion protein associated with lung cancer.
Cancer research: These cells can be used to study and understand the molecular mechanisms of certain types of lung cancer caused by EML4-ALK fusion mutations. Researchers can gain insights into the interactions between this mutation and cell signaling pathways that lead to cancer progression.
Pharmacological studies: They can serve as tools for pharmacological studies to understand the effects of various drugs on cells carrying the EML4-ALK-G1202R-L1196M mutation.
Genomic research: These cell lines can provide valuable insights into genomic research. By studying mutations in a cell's genome, new knowledge can be gained about the role of that gene mutation in instability of the cell's genome and its potential to cause diseases such as cancer.
Development of therapeutics: The human EML4-ALK-G1202R-L1196M stable cell line-Ba/F3 will also help in the development of targeted therapies for cancer treatment, especially personalized medicine. By understanding the role of the EML4-ALK fusion in cancer development, therapies can be developed to specifically target this mutation, thereby improving treatment effectiveness.
Customer Reviews
Excellent performance for drug screening
The Human EML4-ALK-G1202R-L1196M Stable Cell Line-Ba/F3 has significantly enhanced our drug screening assays. The high stability and reproducibility of this cell line have provided us with reliable data, accelerating our research and development process.
Ideal Model for ALK Inhibitor Research
As researchers focused on ALK-related cancer therapies, this cell line has been invaluable. It closely mimics the in vivo environment, enabling us to test ALK inhibitors more effectively. This product has definitely advanced our experimental models and paved the way for new therapeutic discoveries.
detailed support documentation
This product was easy to integrate into our laboratory workflow thanks to the detailed support documentation provided. The clear instructions helped us grow and maintain the cell line with minimal hassle, allowing us to focus more on our experimental goals.
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