Transferrin receptor (TfR), encoded by the TFRC gene, is a key protein involved in iron homeostasis. TfR is primarily found on the surface of proliferating cells and plays a key role in mediating cellular iron uptake. Molecularly, TfR is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds with high affinity to transferrin, the major iron transporter in the blood. Each TfR binds two iron-loaded transferrin molecules and promotes their internalization via receptor-mediated endocytosis. After binding to transferrin, the receptor-transferrin complex is internalized into vesicles, which become acidic, resulting in the release of iron from transferrin. The iron is then transported into the cytoplasm, while apotransferrin and TfR are recycled back to the cell surface.
The expression of the TFRC gene is tightly regulated at all levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. The iron level in the cell regulates TFRC expression through iron-responsive elements (IREs) in mRNA that interact with iron regulatory proteins (IRPs). When iron is deficient, IRP binds to IRE and stabilizes TFRC mRNA, thereby promoting the production of TfR to promote more iron absorption. Clinically, changes in TFRC gene expression or TFRC function are associated with a variety of diseases. Overexpression of TFRC is often seen in rapidly proliferating cells, including cancer cells, making it a potential target for cancer treatment.
The researchers evaluated DYNE-101, a FORCE conjugate targeting DMPK RNA to correct spliceopathy in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Using patient-derived myoblasts, HSALR mice, TfR1hu/mu; DMSXLTg/Tg mice, and cynomolgus monkeys, they demonstrated that DYNE-101 reduces mutant DMPK RNA and nuclear RNA foci, restores normal splicing patterns, and alleviates myotonia. Cellular internalization studies using TfR1-deficient and wild-type HeLa cells confirmed that delivery depends on the transferrin receptor, while cardiomyocyte experiments showed efficient uptake and colocalization with early endosomes. These results validate FORCE as an effective delivery platform for low-dose, infrequent administration of oligonucleotide therapeutics in DM1.
Figure 1. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry showed that DYNE-101 or labeled FAB02 efficiently internalizes into TfR1-expressing cells and cardiomyocytes, while uptake is markedly reduced in TfR1−/− HeLa cells. (Weeden T, et al., 2025)
Creative Biogene's TfR1−/− HeLa cells enable precise assessment of receptor-mediated oligonucleotide internalization, supporting the evaluation and optimization of muscle-targeted conjugates like DYNE-101 for neuromuscular disease research.
Creating a TFRC (transferrin receptor) knockout cell line using HeLa cells can be a powerful tool for a variety of research applications. Here are some key applications:
Iron metabolism research: TFRC plays a key role in cellular iron uptake. By knocking out TFRC in HeLa cells, researchers can study the effects of impaired iron uptake on cell physiology, metabolism, and viability.
Cancer research: HeLa cells are a widely used cancer cell line. TFRC knockout HeLa cells can help determine how disruption of iron homeostasis affects cancer progression and response to therapy.
Drug testing and development: TFRC is a potential target for drug development, especially for therapies targeting cancer and iron overload disorders. Using TFRC knockout HeLa cells in drug screening can help identify compounds that specifically target cells with impaired iron uptake mechanisms.
Cell signaling pathways: TFRC participates in multiple signaling pathways. Knockout cell lines can be used to study how loss of TFRC affects a variety of cell signaling processes, providing a clearer understanding of the receptor's role beyond iron acquisition.
Genetic studies: Creating a TFRC knockout in HeLa cells can help elucidate gene function and interactions. This approach could reveal genetic compensatory mechanisms that function when TFRC is lost, enhancing our understanding of cellular genetic networks.
Customer Q&As
What is the recommended growth medium? Does it require antibiotic selection?
A: DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum.
It is not required to add the selection antibiotics when culturing the KO cells.
How is the knockout cell line validated?
A: The knockout cell product is validated by PCR amplification and Sanger Sequencing to confirm the mutation at the genomic level. Please find the detailed mutation info in the datasheet.
Is the product a single clonal cell or mixed cell pool?
A: Single clonal cell.
Can I confirm gene knockout by RT-qPCR?
A: No. This knockout cell product is generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce small insertions or deletions (indels) resulting in frameshift mutations. Although these frameshift mutations typically disrupt the coding gene, there is a possibility that the non-functional transcript may still be transcribed. Consequently, this could potentially yield misleading results when analyzed by RT-qPCR.
How can I store the cell product?
A: The cell line should be stored in liquid nitrogen for long-term preservation.
Is it possible to get multiple knockout clones for my GOI?
A: For most cases, we often keep at least 2 clones with different frameshift mutations. Please feel free to contact us to check if there are additional available clones.
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Customer Reviews
An important tool
The TFRC knockout cell model can be used extensively to study the role of TfR in various biological processes such as iron metabolism, cellular signaling, and proliferation. The cell line is very helpful for our research.
Worked very well
I use TFRC knockout cells to study the role of TFRC in cancer cell growth and survival. Good experimental results were obtained.
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