Cat.No. : AD00303Z
Titer: ≥1x10^10 IFU/mL / ≥1x10^11 IFU/mL / ≥1x10^11 VP/mL / ≥1x10^12 VP/mL Size: 100 ul/500 ul/1 mL
Storage: -80℃ Shipping: Frozen on dry ice
| Cat. No. | AD00303Z |
| Description | The viral backbone is E1/E3 deletion, serotype 5 empty adenovirus null under CMV promoter. Used as control. |
| Target Gene | Adenovirus null |
| Product Type | Adenoviral particle |
| Insert | Adenovirus null |
| Titer | Varies lot by lot, for example, ≥1x10^10 IFU/mL, ≥1x10^11 IFU/mL, ≥1x10^11 VP/mL etc. |
| Size | Varies lot by lot, for example, 250 ul, 500 ul, 1 mL etc. |
| Storage | Store at -80℃. Avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Shipping | Frozen on dry ice |
| Creative Biogene ensures high-quality adenovirus particles by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing stringent quality control (QC). The specific QC experiments performed vary between adenovirus particle lots. | |
| Endotoxin | Endotoxins, primarily derived from Gram-negative bacteria, can trigger adverse immune responses. Endotoxin contamination is a significant concern in adenovirus production, especially for applications in animal studies and gene therapy. Creative Biogene utilizes rigorous endotoxin detection methods to monitor the endotoxin level in our produced adenovirus particles to ensure regulatory compliance. |
| Sterility | Creative Biogene ensures that adenovirus products are free of any bacterial, fungal and other microbial contamination. |
| Ad5 E1 Detection | All Creative Biogene adenoviruses are PCR tested to ensure that there are no detectable E1 sequences in the particles, which could be from revertants or external E1 contamination. |
| RCA Assays | Adenovirus products originating at Creative Biogene are guaranteed to have undetectable replication-competent adenovirus (RCA). This quality control measure is important because there is always the possibility of wild-type contamination due to revertants or environmental sources. |
| PFU Titering | All purified adenovirus preparations are tested for infectious titer. Creative Biogene's PFU test takes a few days longer but counts true plaques in HEK cells rather than estimating PFU titers via IHC staining or TCI50 of infected cells. |
PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism via the PCSK9-LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) axis in the liver. However, there is evidence that PCSK9 directly contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases through mechanisms independent of its LDL cholesterol regulation. Here, researchers show that overexpression of PCSK9 downregulates the expression of ApoER2 (apolipoprotein E receptor 2), a known target of PCSK9. Treatment with soluble recombinant human ApoER2 or the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea inhibited PCSK9-induced polyploidization and other cellular responses of human smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Treatment with anti-ApoER2 antibodies produced effects similar to those produced by PCSK9 overexpression. Inducible, SMC-specific knockout of Pcsk9 accelerated neointima formation in mouse carotid arteries and reduced age-related arterial stiffness. PCSK9 is expressed in smooth muscle cells of human atherosclerotic lesions and is enriched in the “shoulder” region of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. PCSK9 is also expressed in smooth muscle cells of abdominal aortic aneurysms and negatively correlates with the expression of smooth muscle α-actin. These findings suggest that PCSK9 inhibits proliferation and induces polyploidization, senescence, and apoptosis, which may be associated with various degenerative vascular diseases.
PCSK9 has been reported to induce dedifferentiation and proliferation of mouse vascular smooth muscle cells. In contrast, the results here showed that overexpression of PCSK9 by adenovirus (as shown by WB assay) (Figure 1A) significantly inhibited the growth of cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells as early as 2 days after transduction compared with smooth muscle cells transduced with Null adenovirus (Ad-Null) (Figure 1B). LSC analysis showed that 24-hour overexpression of PCSK9 significantly reduced the number of BrdU-positive cells (Figures 1C and 1D) but increased BrdU-positive cells in the ≥4 N DNA region (Figures 1C and 1E) compared with smooth muscle cells transduced with control Ad-Null. LSC relocalization of cells with >4 N DNA confirmed their polyploidy (Figure 1C).
Figure 1. PCSK9 inhibits the growth of human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). (Guo Y, et al., 2022)
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Used as a negative control in multiple assays—consistent and contamination-free. A must-have for adenovirus-based studies!
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