PRRSV is an infectious disease that causes lung damage and abortion in sows. Apoptosis of cells at the interface of the endometrium and placenta is an important factor leading to abortion. Previous studies have demonstrated that PRRSV can cause apoptosis of macrophages, but rarely causes obvious changes in porcine endometrial epithelial cells (PEC). Recently, abortion caused by PRRSV has been attributed to apoptosis of fetal placental and endometrial epithelial cells (Sn+ and CD163+). In this study, highly purified primary PECs were harvested by differential digestion and their characteristics were confirmed by CK18, ERɑ, and PR staining. The cells were then immortalized by transfection with a lentiviral vector expressing the SV40 large T antigen. PEC lines were obtained after puromycin selection. The proliferation of the cell lines was evaluated by cell growth curve and cell cycle analysis. The cell lines showed faster proliferation capacity than the primary cells. The biological characteristics of the cells were detected by Western blot, karyotype analysis, and staining, confirming that the cells retained endometrial characteristics. Finally, the sensitivity of PRRSV was tested, and the expression of Sn and CD163 indicated that both primary PECs and cell lines were potentially sensitive to PRRSV. The PRRSV infection test showed that the apoptosis rate of infected PEC cell lines increased significantly, indicating that the cell line was sensitive to PRRSV.
In this study, the SV40 large T antigen expression vector was transfected into primary PECs using packaged lentiviral particles to achieve cell immortalization. After puromycin selection, cells from a single cell clone showed significantly faster growth and higher adhesion efficiency compared with primary PECs. The PEC cell line was passaged for more than 50 generations while maintaining a homogenous population and unchanged properties. In addition, characteristic proteins found in primary PECs, such as CK18, ERɑ, and PR, could also be detected in the PEC cell line. In addition, the expression of ERɑ and PR was quantified by Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of these two proteins in PECs was not reduced compared with primary PECs. Therefore, the properties of PECs reconstructed by transfection are similar to those of primary PECs.
Figure 1. Characterization of the PEC cell line. (Zhang K, et al., 2019)
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