The A20 cell line, established in 1971 by Hamburger et al., originates from a spontaneous reticulum cell sarcoma in a BALB/cAnN mouse. Initially utilized as a tool to study lymphoma pathogenesis, A20 cells exhibit characteristics typical of B lymphocytes, including surface immunoglobulins and the ability to undergo class switching. Over time, researchers have extensively employed A20 cells to elucidate various signaling pathways and immune responses, owing to their amenability to genetic manipulation and stable propagation.
Subsequent advancements in molecular biology techniques facilitated the development of reporter cell lines incorporating fluorescent or luminescent markers to monitor gene expression and cellular activities. The fusion of A20 cells with reporter genes such as mCherry and Luciferase has revolutionized the study of molecular mechanisms underlying immune responses, tumorigenesis, and therapeutic interventions. The mCherry reporter, a red fluorescent protein derived from Discosoma sp., enables visual tracking of A20 cells in vivo and in vitro with exceptional brightness and photostability. In parallel, the incorporation of Luciferase, a light-emitting enzyme from fireflies, into A20 cells provides a sensitive and quantitative means to assess transcriptional activity and cellular viability.
The canonical NF-κB pathway is activated by LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex) through the linear polyubiquitination of NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator, also known as IKKγ) and RIP1. Researchers demonstrate that the Luciferase reporter cell line - A20 plays a crucial role in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of LUBAC-mediated NF-κB activation. Through binding linear polyubiquitin via the C-terminal seventh zinc finger (ZF7), A20 suppresses LUBAC-induced NF-κB activation. Crystal structure analysis reveals how A20 ZF7 recognizes linear diubiquitin, shedding light on genetic mutations linked to B cell lymphomas. Functional analysis highlights the importance of A20 ZF7 in recruiting A20 into TNFR signaling complexes, ultimately suppressing NF-κB activation.
Figure 1. The crucial role of A20 ZF7 in the suppression of LUBAC-mediated NF-κB activation was demonstrated. Various A20 mutants were examined, revealing that NF-κB activation induced by LUBAC was inhibited by A20 and CYLD, but not Cezanne. A20 ZFs, particularly ZF7, were found to significantly contribute to this suppression across different cellular contexts, including TNF-α-stimulated cells and MEFs overexpressing LUBAC, emphasizing the essential function of A20 ZF7 in NF-κB regulation. (Tokunaga F, et al., 2012)
1. Fluorescence Imaging: mCherry/Luciferase reporter cell line - A20 can be utilized in fluorescence imaging studies to track cellular processes, such as cell migration or proliferation, in real-time.
2. Drug Screening Assays: Researchers can employ mCherry/Luciferase reporter cell line - A20 in drug screening assays to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of potential therapeutic compounds on specific cellular pathways.
3. Gene Expression Studies: This cell line facilitates gene expression studies by enabling the visualization and quantification of gene expression levels using fluorescence microscopy or luciferase assays.
4. Immune Response Investigations: A20 cell line expressing mCherry/Luciferase can be employed to study immune responses, such as cytokine production or antigen presentation, in various disease models or immunotherapy research.
5. Tumor Growth Monitoring: In tumor biology research, mCherry/Luciferase reporter cell line - A20 can be implanted into animal models to monitor tumor growth and metastasis through both fluorescence imaging and bioluminescence imaging techniques.
Customer Q&As
What factors influenced the selection of A20 cells for establishing the mCherry/Luciferase Reporter Cell Line?
A: A20 cells were chosen for establishing the mCherry/Luciferase Reporter Cell Line due to their relevance to lymphoma research and their well-characterized genetic background. Additionally, A20 cells are widely used in studies of B-cell biology and lymphoid malignancies, making them suitable for investigating the role of mCherry and luciferase in these cellular contexts.
How was the stability and expression level of mCherry and luciferase confirmed and maintained in the A20 mCherry/Luciferase Reporter Cell Line?
A: Stable transfection techniques were employed to integrate the mCherry and luciferase reporter genes into the A20 cell genome, ensuring stable and consistent expression levels. The clonal selection was then performed to isolate cell lines with stable mCherry and luciferase expression. Regular monitoring of mCherry fluorescence and luciferase activity using appropriate assays ensured sustained expression levels over time.
Can you provide an overview of the functional characterization of mCherry and luciferase expression in the A20 mCherry/Luciferase Reporter Cell Line, focusing on their responsiveness to regulatory elements and involvement in cellular processes?
A: Functional characterization of mCherry and luciferase expression in the A20 mCherry/Luciferase Reporter Cell Line involved studying their responsiveness to regulatory elements and their involvement in cellular processes relevant to lymphoma biology. This included investigating the activation of specific regulatory elements and monitoring changes in mCherry fluorescence and luciferase activity in response to signaling pathways dysregulated in lymphoma. Additionally, the roles of mCherry and luciferase in cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and drug response were assessed using molecular and cellular assays.
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Dual Reporter Power
The mCherry/Luciferase Reporter Cell Line in A20 cells combines mCherry fluorescence and luciferase bioluminescence, offering comprehensive insights into cancer biology.
Streamlined Experimentation
The mCherry/Luciferase Reporter Cell Line simplifies experimental workflows, allowing for efficient data collection and analysis in cancer research. From studying tumor-immune interactions to evaluating treatment responses, this cell line serves as an invaluable resource for elucidating cancer biology and identifying novel therapeutic strategies.
Versatile Applications
With both reporters, this cell line enables detailed investigation of tumor growth, immune responses, and therapeutic efficacy, advancing our understanding of cancer progression. Its dual-reporter system provides multifaceted data, empowering deeper understanding of tumor dynamics and therapeutic targets.
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