Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, which is known to play a key role in cell differentiation, growth, and regulation of various tissues. The FGFR2 gene is located on chromosome 10q26, and the protein it encodes is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which means that it has intrinsic enzymatic activity that transfers a phosphate group from ATP to a tyrosine residue in proteins. This role is critical for initiating downstream signaling pathway cascades that are important for cellular function.
Mutations and dysregulation of FGFR2 have been associated with a variety of human diseases. Germline mutations in FGFR2 can lead to a variety of developmental disorders, such as Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome, and Pfeiffer syndrome, all of which are types of craniosynostosis—disorders characterized by premature fusion of skull bones. These mutations often result in alterations in the receptor structure and function, leading to aberrant signaling. In addition to its role in developmental disorders, FGFR2 has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Somatic mutations, amplifications, and translocations of FGFR2 have been identified in a variety of cancers, including breast, endometrial, and gastric cancers. These alterations often result in constitutive activation of the receptor, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation, survival, and migration. As a result, FGFR2 has become a target of interest for the development of novel cancer therapeutics, and several FGFR inhibitors are currently in clinical trials.
NF2 is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Here, we found that cell growth, clonogenic activity, migration activity, and invasion activity of the NF2-knockout human mesothelial cell line MeT-5A (NF2-KO) were significantly increased compared with NF2-WT cell clones. Complementary DNA microarray analysis clearly revealed differences in the global gene expression profiles between NF2-WT and NF2-KO cell clones. Quantitative PCR analysis and Western blot analysis showed that upregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) was concurrent with increased phosphorylation levels of JNK, c-Jun, and retinoblastoma (Rb) in NF2-KO cell clones. These increases were all abolished by exogenous NF2 expression in NF2-KO clones. Furthermore, disruption of FGFR2 in NF2-KO cell clones inhibited cell proliferation as well as the phosphorylation levels of JNK, c-Jun, and Rb. These findings suggest that NF2 deficiency may play a role in tumorigenesis of human mesothelial cells by mediating FGFR2 expression. FGFR2 will be a candidate molecule for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for NF2-deficient MPM.
MTT assays showed that the cell growth rate in NF2 and FGFR2 double knockout cell clones (NF2/FGFR2-DKO) was significantly reduced compared with NF2-KO clones (Figure 1A). In contrast, there was no significant change in the growth rate between FGFR2 knockout cells (FGFR2-KO) and parental cells (Figure 1B). In addition, disruption of FGFR2 in NF2-KO cells suppressed the NF2 knockout-induced migration and wound healing activities of NF2/FGFR2-DKO cells (Figures 1C,D). In addition, Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation levels of JNK and c-Jun were downregulated in NF2/FGFR2-DKO clones (Figure 1E). The researchers also found that the protein level of CDK2 and the phosphorylation level of Rb were reduced in NF2/FGFR2-DKO clones (Figure 1E). These results suggest that FGFR2 may play an important role in the proliferation of NF2-mutated mesothelioma cells.
Figure 1. Knockout of FGFR2 gene retards cell proliferation in the absence of NF2 gene. (Wahiduzzaman, Md, et al. 2019)
Knockout of the FGFR2 gene in HEK293T cells allows researchers to study the specific roles and mechanisms of FGFR2 in various cellular processes. Here are some key applications of the human FGFR2 knockout cell line - HEK293T:
Cancer Research: FGFR2 knockout cell lines are essential for studying the role of FGFR2 in cancer progression, as FGFR2 mutations and alterations have been implicated in various cancers. Researchers can assess how the loss of this receptor affects cellular behaviors such as proliferation, migration, and response to anticancer therapies.
Drug Development: These cell lines can be used to screen and validate new drugs targeting the FGFR2 pathway.
Signal Transduction Studies: FGFR2 is a key player in multiple signaling pathways. Knockout cell lines can be used to study how disruption of FGFR2 affects downstream signaling cascades, providing insights into cellular processes such as differentiation, survival, and metabolism.
Functional Genomics: Researchers use FGFR2 knockout cells to explore gene functions and interactions.
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: FGFR2 is involved in tissue development and repair processes. Using knockout cell lines, scientists can develop better models to study tissue engineering, understand the molecular basis of regenerative medicine, and create new therapies for tissue injury and degeneration.
Disease Modeling: FGFR2 knockout cell lines are valuable models for studying congenital diseases and conditions associated with FGFR2 deficiency or dysregulation, such as craniosynostosis syndrome. It helps to elucidate the molecular basis of these conditions and test potential therapeutic strategies.
Customer Q&As
What is the recommended growth medium? Does it require antibiotic selection?
A: DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum.
It is not required to add the selection antibiotics when culturing the KO cells.
How is the knockout cell line validated?
A: The knockout cell product is validated by PCR amplification and Sanger Sequencing to confirm the mutation at the genomic level. Please find the detailed mutation info in the datasheet.
Is the product a single clonal cell or mixed cell pool?
A: Single clonal cell.
Can I confirm gene knockout by RT-qPCR?
A: No. This knockout cell product is generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce small insertions or deletions (indels) resulting in frameshift mutations. Although these frameshift mutations typically disrupt the coding gene, there is a possibility that the non-functional transcript may still be transcribed. Consequently, this could potentially yield misleading results when analyzed by RT-qPCR.
How can I store the cell product?
A: The cell line should be stored in liquid nitrogen for long-term preservation.
Is it possible to get multiple knockout clones for my GOI?
A: For most cases, we often keep at least 2 clones with different frameshift mutations. Please feel free to contact us to check if there are additional available clones.
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I've been using the Human FGFR2 Knockout Cell Line - HEK293T for over six months now, and I must say, the consistency and reliability of these cells have been exceptional.
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The Human FGFR2 Knockout Cell Line - HEK293T has significantly streamlined our workflow. The cells arrived in perfect condition and were ready to use right out of the box.
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