NTN1

Official Full Name

netrin 1

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

9423

Background

Netrin is included in a family of laminin-related secreted proteins. The function of this gene has not yet been defined; however, netrin is thought to be involved in axon guidance and cell migration during development. Mutations and loss of expression of netrin suggest that variation in netrin may be involved in cancer development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Synonyms

NET1; MRMV4; NTN1L;

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price

Detailed Information

The neurite outgrowth factor Netrin-1 (NTN1) is one of the members of the Netrin family and is secreted by the bottom plate. It is the earliest soluble neurite outgrowth factor discovered and is highly expressed in many species of the nervous system.

NTN1 Figure 1. NTN1 in nerve regeneration. (Dun, X., et al. 2017)

The Structure and Function of NTN1

NTN1 is the earliest cell secreted soluble protein isolated and identified and named in the Netrin family, and is highly expressed in the nervous system of many species. NTN1 is highly conserved in structure and has a molecular weight of approximately 80 kD. It is a secretable protein associated with the laminin gamma short arm. It contains 6 recognizable domains. Its 450 amino acids at the N-terminus are similar to the N-terminus of laminin, but the 150 amino acids at the C-terminus are different from laminin. NTN1 relies on receptors to transmit signals by binding to immunoglobulin-like transmembrane receptors. Its receptors can be divided into a variety of types, including deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and its analog neogenin; UNC5 homolog (UNC-5 homolog, UNC5H), including UNC5A, UNC5B, UNC5C. In recent years, four other receptors of NTN1 have been discovered, namely Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM), adenosine A2b receptor, integrin α6β4 and α3β1. In the process, NTN1 guides the directional migration and growth of nerve axons and regulates the development and differentiation of neurons. Subsequent research found that NTN1 and its receptors are widely distributed in tissues, and play a variety of roles in tissues outside the nervous system. For example, NTN1 positively and negatively regulates the growth of the vasculature, regulates the migration of leukocytes, adhesion and migration of intestinal epithelial cells, and the development and differentiation of the lung and pancreas, and NTN1 and its receptors are used in various tumors.

NTN1 and Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hidden chronic degenerative nervous system disease. Research suggests that several domains of NTN1 are used in AD to bind to the corresponding site of the DCC receptor and then specifically bind to the amyloid precursor protein to reduce the production of β-amyloid (Aβ), thereby delaying the progress of dementia. The study found that the decreased expression of NTN1 is related to the increase of Aβ concentration, which shows that NTN1 is an important regulator of Aβ production. Therefore, the concentration ratio of Aβ peptide to NTN1 in the brain is meaningful as a key determinant of AD development. The study found that microinjection of Aβ1-42 into the bilateral hippocampus caused a significant loss of neurons in the CA1 area of the AD mouse model. Microinjection of NTN1 in the hippocampus of AD mice prevented the loss of neurons and reached or approached the neuron count of the normal control group, thereby improving the behavior and cognitive function of AD mice.

NTN1 and Tumor

NTN1 can participate in tumorigenesis, development and metastasis processes by regulating apoptosis. NTN1 can participate in regulating apoptosis from multiple pathways. The high expression of NTN1 in tumor cells is helpful to help it escape its receptor-mediated apoptosis. For example, the autocrine NTN1 expression in tumor cells may inhibit UNC5H-induced cell death. That is, NTN1 can break the cell survival balance through these pathways and participate in the tumorigenesis process. In addition, NTN1 can regulate tumor morphogenesis, development and metastasis by regulating tumor angiogenesis. In recent years, several studies have confirmed that NTN1 plays an important role in the formation of tissues and the formation of the vascular system.

References:

Dun, X., & Parkinson, D. (2017). Role of Netrin-1 Signaling in Nerve Regeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(3).
Glasgow, S. D., Labrecque, S., Beamish, I. V., Aufmkolk, S., Gibon, J., Han, D., ... & Kennedy, T. E. (2018). Activity-Dependent Netrin-1 Secretion Drives Synaptic Insertion of GluA1-Containing AMPA Receptors in the Hippocampus. Cell Reports, 25(1).
Boyer, N. P. , & Gupton, S. L. . (2018). Revisiting netrin-1: one who guides (axons). Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12, 221.

Quick Inquiry

Interested in learning more?

Contact us today for a free consultation with the scientific team and discover how Creative Biogene can be a valuable resource and partner for your organization.

Request a quote today!

Inquiry