MYB

Official Full Name

MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

4602

Background

This gene encodes a protein with three HTH DNA-binding domains that functions as a transcription regulator. This protein plays an essential role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. This gene may be aberrently expressed or rearranged or undergo translocation in leukemias and lymphomas, and is considered to be an oncogene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Synonyms

efg; Cmyb; c-myb; c-myb_CDS;

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Detailed Information

The MYB gene was originally a protooncogene that was isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus and expressed c-MYB transcription factor, and was homologous to the v-MYB gene in avian erythrocytosis virus. The human MYB gene is located on the 24th region of the long arm of chromosome 6 and consists of three major components: the N-terminal recognition consensus sequence PyAACG /TG DNA binding domain, the C-terminal negative regulatory domain responsible for regulating protein expression and the central part responsible for locating the domain of transcriptional activation. Through human genome detection, it currently includes pro-proliferation genes MYC, c-KIT, CCNA1, CCNB1, CCNE1; anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein A5; differentiation regulatory gene GATA binding protein 3, etc.

Figure 1. The potential CPC-MYC1-TTG1 regulatory complex in cotton. (Bingliang, L., et al. 2015)

Correlation between MYB and Plant Growth and Development

MYB transcription factors have a variety of biological functions and are widely involved in the growth and development of plant roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Moreover, the MYB gene family also responds to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt and cold damage, In addition, MYB transcription factors are also closely related to the quality of certain cash crops. Studies have found that plants, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and other organs and tissues have expression of MYB transcription factor-related genes. At present, MYB transcription factors are more comprehensive in the study of the regulation of cell morphology and pattern. The regulation of MYB transcription factors is important in the process of plant root hair formation. MYB transcription factors are closely related to the development of plant glandular hairs, and MYB transcription factors can be used to improve fiber quality. For example, the length of the cotton fiber is increased by adjusting the expression level of the gene controlling the quality of the cotton fiber.

Subcellular localization analysis of the MYB protein family revealed that the gene expression product is in the nucleus. The StR2R3-MYB transcription factor in potato was subcellularly localized and transiently expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Under confocal scanning microscopy, the fusion protein was found to be localized in the nucleus. The MYB transcription factor plays a major role in the secondary metabolism of plants in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. The starting material of this pathway, shikimic acid, produces phenylalanine via the shikimate pathway, and phenylalanine is in the rate-limiting enzyme. Under the action of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, many different secondary metabolites are produced. The synthesis of anthocyanins and flavonoids in these secondary products is closely related to MYB transcription factors, which are also plants. A substrate for pigment synthesis, so the MYB transcription factor regulates flower color and fruit color.

The Role of MYB in Tumorigenesis

MYB not only plays an important role in the regulation of proliferation, mutation and apoptosis of hematopoietic system, colon and brain structural cells, but also participates in tumor formation. It is overexpressed in malignant tumors such as liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia. Expression of MYB inhibits the differentiation of cancer cells, and its overexpression is only present in immature or proliferating cells, and its presence is generally not detected in normal tissues or in differentiated cells. Abnormal MYB expression is an effective driver of neoplasia in animal and human malignancies.

The first evidence for the carcinogenic potential of MYB is the discovery that the v-MYB viral oncogene can induce myeloblast transformation in chickens and baboons. v-MYB represents a truncated form of the MYB gene, and its leukemia potential is related to the deletion and mutation of its C-terminal regulatory domain. Subsequent studies have detected MYB overexpression in most human bone marrow and acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and changes in activity in hematological malignancies are often associated with recurrent chromosomal aberrations, such as amplification, promoter rearrangement.

References:

Bingliang, L. , Yichao, Z. , Tianzhen, Z. , & Xianlong, Z. . (2015). The r3-myb gene ghcpc negatively regulates cotton fiber elongation. PLOS ONE, 10(2), e0116272-.
Albert, N. W. . (2015). Subspecialization of r2r3-myb repressors for anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin regulation in forage legumes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6.
Qi, L. , Yang, J. , Yuan, Y. , Huang, L. , & Chen, P. . (2015). Overexpression of two r2r3-myb genes from scutellaria baicalensis induces phenylpropanoid accumulation and enhances oxidative stress resistance in transgenic tobacco. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 94, 235-243.

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