FAP

Official Full Name

fibroblast activation protein alpha

Organism

Homo sapiens

Gene ID

2191

Background

The protein encoded by this gene is a homodimeric integral membrane gelatinase belonging to the serine protease family. It is selectively expressed in reactive stromal fibroblasts of epithelial cancers, granulation tissue of healing wounds, and malignant cells of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. This protein is thought to be involved in the control of fibroblast growth or epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development, tissue repair, and epithelial carcinogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

Synonyms

FAPA; SIMP; DPPIV; FAPalpha

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price
CLOE-1394	Human FAP HEK293 Cell Lysate	Inquiry
CSC-RH0194M	Humanized FAP Murine Tumor Cell Line	Inquiry
CSC-RH0190M	Humanized FAP Murine Tumor Cell Line - NIH/3T3	Inquiry
CSC-RH0120M	Humanized FAP Murine Tumor Cell Line	Inquiry
CSC-RO1146	Human FAP Stable Cell Line - L929	Inquiry
CSC-RH0073M	Humanized FAP Murine Tumor Cell Line	Inquiry
CSC-RO1006	Human FAP Stable Cell Line - HEK293T	Inquiry
CSC-RO0977	Mouse Fap Stable Cell Line - NIH/3T3	Inquiry
CSC-RO0707	Human FAP Stable Cell Line - C4-2	Inquiry
CSC-RO0706	Human FAP Stable Cell Line - HPAF-II	Inquiry
CSC-RO0705	Human FAP Stable Cell Line - KB	Inquiry
CSC-RO0703	Mouse Fap Stable Cell Line - TrampC2	Inquiry
CSC-RO0702	Mouse Fap Stable Cell Line - LL/2 (LLC1)	Inquiry
CSC-RO0701	Mouse Fap Stable Cell Line - B16F10	Inquiry
CSC-RO0700	Mouse Fap Stable Cell Line - MC38	Inquiry
CSC-RO0690	Mouse Fap Stable Cell Line - CT26	Inquiry
CSC-RO01308	Human FAP Stable Cell Line - HT1080	Inquiry
CSC-RO02492	Mouse FAP Stable Cell Line - CHO-K1	Inquiry

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price
LV12573L	human FAP (NM_004460) lentivirus particles	Inquiry

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price
SHH292382	shRNA set against Mouse FAP (NM_007986.2)	Inquiry
SHH292385	shRNA set against Rat FAP (NM_138850.1)	Inquiry
SHW003066	shRNA set against Chicken FAP (NM_001193639)	Inquiry
SHH049187	shRNA set against Rat Fap(NM_138850.1)	Inquiry
SHH049223	shRNA set against Mouse Fap(NM_007986.2)	Inquiry

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price
CDCB160392	Human FAP ORF clone (NM_004460.2)	Inquiry
CDCL184182	Mouse FAP ORF clone(NM_007986.2)	Inquiry
CDCR381324	Rat Fap ORF Clone(NM_138850.1)	Inquiry
CDCS411794	Human FAP ORF Clone (BC026250)	Inquiry
CDFR014277	Rat Fap cDNA Clone(NM_138850.1)	Inquiry
MiUTR1M-04573	FAP miRNA 3'UTR clone	Inquiry
MiUTR1R-01825	FAP miRNA 3'UTR clone	Inquiry
CDCB164541	Chicken FAP ORF Clone (NM_001193639)	Inquiry
CDCB192021	Rabbit FAP ORF clone (XM_008258670.1)	Inquiry

Cat.No.	Product Name	Price
CC-503	FAP Easy KO Kit	Inquiry

Detailed Information

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is one of the important markers on the surface of tumor-associated fibroblasts. It is highly expressed in more than 90% of epithelial cancer stromal fibroblasts and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. FAP belongs to the DPP Ⅳ protein family and can specifically hydrolyze the peptide bonds formed by proline and other small molecules after the Gly-Pro sequence.

FAP-α is a serine protease. Researchers first discovered monoclonal antibody F19 in the study of epithelial cancer tumor stromal fibroblasts. F19 can express most soft tissue sarcomas, wound healing granulation tissue and certain fetal mesenchymal components. But it is not expressed in the benign tumor stroma, normal or malignant epithelial cells, malignant hematopoietic tumor cells, fetal kidney, colon and normal lung stromal fibroblasts, cartilage and skeletal muscle. Subsequently, the protein identified by monoclonal antibody F19 was named FAP-α. FAP-α is a member of the S9b peptidase family and is expressed in activated stromal fibroblasts and reconstructed tissues. It is a type II cell surface-bound transmembrane glycoprotein (mr95 000), which can participate in extracellular matrix remodeling. FAP-α is a serine protease involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. It is highly expressed on the surface of more than 90% of malignant epithelial tumor stromal fibroblasts, but it is not detected in normal adult tissues.

Figure 1. Intricate interaction of tumor cells with FAPα in tumor microenvironment. (Zi, F., et al. 2015)

Biological Characteristics of Fap

FAP-α has endonuclease activity for cleaving peptide chains such as gelatin, type I collagen, α2 anti-fibrase, and participates in the degradation of TME, which promotes tumor cells to separate from the original site for further infiltration and metastasis. The enzymatic activity of FAP-α that promotes tumor cell growth is divided into direct and indirect effects. It works in the following four ways: (1) it degrades extracellular matrix, promotes the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and participates in the remodeling of tumor tissues; (2) By activating another proteinase, the extracellular matrix is degraded, and then TME is indirectly degraded; (3) Dissociate the growth factors related to TME (including transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor, etc.), and promote malignant transformation of tumor cells; (4) In the process of tumor cell growth, it participates in the formation of tumor microvessels. FAP-α can activate stored transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor in the matrix. It activates transforming growth factor-β in TME by proteolyzing the transforming growth factor binding protein rich in proline and protease-sensitive hinge regions, leading to an increase in FAP-α expression.

FAP-α can be expressed not only in tumor stromal fibroblasts, but also in tumor cells of certain tumor tissues. Therefore, targeted therapy with FAP-α surrounding the target can not only act on fibroblasts of tumor stroma, but also inhibit the stroma on which tumor cells depend for survival. It can also act on tumor cells and directly kill tumor cells.

Fap and Tumor Treatment

Studies have shown that under hypoxic conditions, cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer tissues can participate in regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in tumors by up-regulating the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/G protein-coupled estrogen receptor signaling pathway, which in turn promotes the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and ultimately leads to the formation of new capillaries in tumor tissues. In vivo studies have shown that the increase in FAP-α expression is related to the increase in tumor growth rate and can promote the formation of new blood vessels. The above research results show that FAP-α plays an important role in promoting tumor microvessel formation. Cytotoxic drugs targeting FAP-α can selectively accumulate around the tumor's new microvessels and provide favorable regulation for effectively blocking the blood supply of tumors. This may become an effective and potential new target for tumor treatment.

References:

Zi, F. , He, J. , He, D. , Li, Y. , Yang, L. , & Cai, Z. . (2015). Fibroblast activation protein α in tumor microenvironment: recent progression and implications (review). Molecular Medicine Reports.
Pure, Ellen, Blomberg, & Rachel. (2018). Pro-tumorigenic roles of fibroblast activation protein in cancer: back to the basics. Oncogene.
Jiuyang, Liu, Chaoqun, Huang, Chunwei, & Peng. (2018). Stromal fibroblast activation protein alpha promotes gastric cancer progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition through wnt/ β-catenin pathway. Bmc Cancer.

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FAP

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Detailed Information

Biological Characteristics of Fap

Fap and Tumor Treatment