FABP5

Official Full Name

fatty acid binding protein 5

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

2171

Background

This gene encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in epidermal cells, and was first identified as being upregulated in psoriasis tissue. Fatty acid binding proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. FABPs may play roles in fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with type 2 diabetes. The human genome contains many pseudogenes similar to this locus.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

Synonyms

EFABP; KFABP; E-FABP; PAFABP; PA-FABP;

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Detailed Information

Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5), also known as epidermal fatty acid collection protein, is a member of the fatty acid binding protein family (FABPs). FABPs belong to the intracellular to protein binding family and are widely involved in lipid metabolism. They combine and transport long-chain fatty acids into the cell, and then participate in fat metabolism. FABP5 was first found in psoriasis, and later it was found to be characteristically expressed in epidermal cells. Current studies have found that FABP5 is widely distributed in the body, including epithelium, breast glands, adipose tissue, vascular endothelial cells, liver, kidney, heart, lung, brain, skeletal muscle, testis and other tissues and organs. In recent years, it has been discovered that FABP5 plays an important role in inflammation, metabolic diseases, and tumor development.

FABP5 Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation and Metastasis

FABP5 is highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues. In three-negative breast cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer and other malignant tumors, FABP5 promotes the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of tumor cells. FABP5 can bind to long-chain fatty acids and is regulated by fatty acids; in tumor cells regulated by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, FABP5 is one of the target genes that fatty acids regulate tumorigenesis and development. FABP5 can regulate the PPARβ/δ signaling pathway and is considered to be the main mechanism of FABP5 to promote tumor development. However, research in colon cancer found that FABP5's promotion of colon cancer cell proliferation does not depend on PPARβ/δ or PPARγ signals, and its promotion of tumor development may depend on the realization of the regulation of fatty acid metabolism in colon cancer cells.

FABP5 Promotes Tumor Angiogenesis

Tumor angiogenesis guarantees the supply of oxygen to the tumor, which is an important basis for tumor occurrence and development. With the rapid proliferation of tumor cells, ischemia and hypoxia are the factors that limit the further development of tumors. Tumor cells can express factors that promote angiogenesis to promote the further development of tumors. Tumor cells can promote the formation of tumor blood vessels by expressing factors that promote angiogenesis. FABP5 is one of the genes that are overexpressed in the process of cell hypoxia. The high expression of FABP5 may help improve the tolerance of cells to hypoxic environment. The mechanisms of FABP5 promoting angiogenesis are as follows: 1. FABP5 up-regulates the expression of pro-angiogenic factors. In prostate cancer, FABP5 can regulate the expression of VEGF through PPARγ to promote tumor vascularization. FABP5 can also promote the expression of other cytokines that promote angiogenesis, including EGF, IL6 and so on. 2. FABP5 regulates the function of vascular endothelial cells. Endothelial cells are an important component in the tumor microenvironment and are the key cells involved in tumor angiogenesis. The ratio of FABP5/FABP4 in vascular endothelial cells directly regulates the function of vascular endothelial cells. FABP4 can promote the proliferation, migration and survival of endothelial cells, while the loss of FABP5 can cause cell proliferation, impair chemotaxis and migration, and enhance its anti-apoptotic effect.

Fig1 Model for the involvement of FABP5 in EGFR-induced cell proliferation.

FABP5 and Tumor Prognosis

In breast, prostate, cervical and liver cancer patients, the high expression of FABP5 is associated with the poor prognosis of the tumor. The high expression of FACBP5 indicates that the tumor has more lymphatic metastasis, heavier lymphatic vascular invasion, later stage of the tumor, and larger tumor volume. In craniopharyngioma, the expression level of FABP5 in recurrent tumors was significantly increased, while the expression level of CRABPⅡ in primary tumors was significantly increased. The high wallpaper of FABP5/CRABPⅡ indicates the high recurrence of tumors. In addition to tumor tissues, the level of FABP5 in the serum of a variety of tumor patients is also significantly increased, and it is related to the adverse clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor. Elevated serum FABP5 in patients with prostate cancer indicates the risk of lymph node metastasis.

References:

Jing, J. , Wang, N. , Wang, J. , Wu, F. , Ge, J. , & Chen, F. (2018). '4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate inhibits proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells by independently regulating crabp2 and fabp5.' Drug Design Development & Therapy, 12, 997-1008.
Carmeliet P. (2005). 'Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine.' Nature. 438(7070): 932-936.
Shinriki, S. , Jono, H. , Ota, K. , Ueda, M. , Kudo, M. , & Ota, T. , et al. (2009). 'Humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody suppresses tumor angiogenesis and in vivo growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma.' Clinical Cancer Research, 15(17), 5426-5434.

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