Osteosarcoma (OS) is closely associated with the dysregulation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways, especially the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. It has been reported that HSP90 is responsible for the stabilization of phosphorylated Akt, and both AKT1 and HSP90 are upregulated in osteosarcoma. Here, researchers showed that both AKT1 and HSP90 mRNA and protein levels are upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cells; AKT1 gene knockdown significantly inhibited osteosarcoma cell viability. HSP90 gene knockdown inhibited AKT1 phosphorylation, decreased Ki-67 and Vimentin protein levels, increased p21 and E-cadherin protein levels, and inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. AKT1 overexpression had the opposite effect and significantly attenuated the effects of HSP90 gene knockdown. miR-485-5p targets the 3′-UTR of both AKT1 and HSP90, inhibiting their expression. miR-485-5p overexpression significantly decreased AKT1, HSP90, and Ki-67 protein levels, increased E-cadherin protein levels, and inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. In summary, HSP90 gene knockdown blocks AKT1 phosphorylation through the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby inhibiting osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. miR-485-5p binds to the 3′-UTR of both HSP90 and AKT1, inhibiting their expression and thus exerting a tumor-suppressive effect in osteosarcoma.
Based on the important role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in osteosarcoma (OS), researchers first examined the expression levels of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway in osteosarcoma tissue samples and cell lines (U2OS and MG63). The results showed that the expression levels of PI3K, AKT1, and p-AKT1 proteins were significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissue samples and the two osteosarcoma cell lines compared to normal tissue samples and cells (Figure 1a, b). Consistent with this, AKT1 mRNA expression was also higher in osteosarcoma tissue samples and cells than in normal tissue samples and cell lines (Figure 1c, d). To verify the cellular function of AKT1, researchers constructed AKT1 knockdown U2OS and MG63 cells (Figure 1e). The results showed that the viability of AKT1 knockdown U2OS and MG63 cells was significantly reduced (Figure 1f). In summary, AKT1 is upregulated in osteosarcoma. AKT1 gene knockdown may inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma cells.
Figure 1. AKT1 expression in osteosarcoma (OS) tissues and cells and its cellular functions. (Liu Q, et al., 2020)