MOV10

Official Full Name

Mov10 RNA helicase

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

4343

Background

Enables 5'-3' RNA helicase activity and RNA binding activity. Involved in defense response to virus and mRNA destabilization. Located in P-body and cytosol. Implicated in hypertension. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Feb 2025]

Synonyms

gb110; fSAP113;

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Detailed Information

The Moloney leukemia virus 10 (Mov10) protein is a newly discovered factor with broad-spectrum antiretroviral potential. The Mov10 protein belongs to the RNA helicase superfamily-1 (SF-1) and is a component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In recent years, Mov10 related research has focused on its function in RNA interference (RNAi) and its inhibition of retrovirus replication such as HIV-1 and its mechanism. In addition, MOV10 can reduce the infectivity of other retroviruses such as sputum immunodeficiency virus, murine leukemia virus, equine infectious anemia virus.

Studies have shown that in the non-stress state, the cell Mov10 protein is expressed in the cytoplasmic p-bodies, and in the stress cells it is distributed in the cytoplasmic stress granules. Other studies have found that Mov10 protein is mainly expressed in the nucleus and is associated with staining. Studies have also shown that Mov10 protein can also be present in neuronal synapses. Mov10 protein is expressed in different degrees in different cell types, including embryonic stem cells. Mov10 can be highly expressed in different stages of organ development in testis and thymus. Moreover, Mov10 mRNA is highly expressed in human testis and ovary, and has a certain degree of expression in placenta and liver tissues. Studies have shown that Mov10 protein may be involved in ontogenesis and cell proliferation.

Figure 1. FMRP modulates an agonistic or antagonistic miRNA function through its interaction with MOV10. (Phillip, K., 2016)

Mov10 Antiretroviral Activity

Studies have shown that overexpression of Mov10 protein inhibits Gag protein stability by blocking Gag protein hydrolysis and inhibiting HIV-1 production during multiple viral replication processes. Studies have found that overexpression of Mov10 protein inhibits replication of HIV-1 virus before or during the transcriptional initiation. Other researchers believe that Mov10 protein does not block the entry of virus into cells, nor does it affect the expression of viral RNA in infected cells, but it can effectively inhibit the reverse transcription process of the virus. Studies have confirmed that overexpression of Mov10 protein has no significant inhibitory effect on the early reverse transcription of HIV-1 virus, and it is confirmed that Mov10 protein does not affect HIV-1 DNA integration and virus mutation rate.

Overexpression of Mov10 protein also reduces HIV-1 viral infectivity. The Mov10 protein interacts with the Gag nucleocapsid protein region in an RNA-dependent manner, enters the HIV-1 virion, and directly or indirectly blocks viral reverse transcription in the target cell, resulting in a 20- to 100-fold reduction in viral infectivity. Overexpression of the Mov10 protein results in a decrease in Gag protein during cell quiescence and a decrease in virus production. In addition, Mov10 protein can cause a decrease in viral minus-strand DNA synthesis in target cells, and may also reduce viral infectivity to some extent.

Other Biological Functions of Mov10

Mov10 is a telomerase-related protein, and the expression level of Mov10 mRNA and protein in cancer cells is 2 to 3 times higher than that in normal cells. The study speculated that the Mov10 protein binds to the telomere-rich-GDNA sequence, and its N-terminus forms a complex with hTERT, which is involved in telomerase-catalyzed telomere elongation. In addition, studies have indicated that the expression levels of Mov10 in different tissues and organs are highly consistent with telomerase activity. Mov10 has also been studied in association with melanoma. Experiments have shown that inhibition of Mov10 expression increases the expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCD) and promotes lipid modification and secretion of Wnt5a Therefore, it can be inferred that Mov10 affects the secretion of Wnt5a by regulating lipid synthesis, which in turn affects the metastasis of melanoma cells.

References:

Wang, W. , Snyder, N. , Worth, A. J. , Blair, I. A. , & Witze, E. S. . (2015). Regulation of lipid synthesis by the rna helicase mov10 controls wnt5a production. Oncogenesis, 4(6), e154.
Phillip, K. , & Stephanie, C. . (2016). Rna secondary structure modulates fmrp’s bi-functional role in the microrna pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(6), 985-.
Gregersen, L. , Schueler, M. , Munschauer, M. , Mastrobuoni, G. , Chen, W. , & Kempa, S. , et al. (2014). Mov10 is a 5′ to 3′ rna helicase contributing to upf1 mrna target degradation by translocation along 3′ utrs. Molecular Cell, 54(4), 573-585.

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