MBP

Official Full Name

myelin basic protein

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

4155

Background

The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system. However, MBP-related transcripts are also present in the bone marrow and the immune system. These mRNAs arise from the long MBP gene (otherwise called "Golli-MBP") that contains 3 additional exons located upstream of the classic MBP exons. Alternative splicing from the Golli and the MBP transcription start sites gives rise to 2 sets of MBP-related transcripts and gene products. The Golli mRNAs contain 3 exons unique to Golli-MBP, spliced in-frame to 1 or more MBP exons. They encode hybrid proteins that have N-terminal Golli aa sequence linked to MBP aa sequence. The second family of transcripts contain only MBP exons and produce the well characterized myelin basic proteins. This complex gene structure is conserved among species suggesting that the MBP transcription unit is an integral part of the Golli transcription unit and that this arrangement is important for the function and/or regulation of these genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

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Detailed Information

Recent Researches

Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a basic membrane protein synthesized by oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system and Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system in vertebrates. It contains a variety of essential amino acids and plays an important physiological role in human brain development, neural cell differentiation, and myelination. There are 21.5, 20, 18.5, 17.3 and 14 kDa splicing products of MBP in human brain. Human fetal brain is mainly expressed by 21.5 kDa MBP, and adult brain is mainly expressed by 18.5 kDa MBP, suggesting that MBP is expressed in different tissues and at different stages in vivo. MBP not only plays an important role in the insulation and rapid conduction of nerve fibers, but is also indispensable for brain development, neuronal differentiation and myelination.

MBP gene contains seven exons, and its transcripts can be spliced in different ways to produce MBP proteins with different molecular weight, structure and function. MBP gene expression is specific in species, tissue cells and developmental stages. Except for the nerve tissue, the content of MBP in heart, liver, kidney, adrenal gland, skeletal muscle and other organs is usually very low and difficult to measure.

MBP mainly binds to the plasma membrane of myelin sheath by covalent bonds, and then connected with cytoskeleton, microtubules and microfilaments. It has the function of maintaining the structure and function of myelin sheath in central nervous system. Under physiological conditions, MBP levels in brain tissue are very low. When myelin sheath is involved in brain injury, MBP disintegrates and is released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in the elevation of MBP. It is suggested that the change of MBP levels in vivo can reflect the degree of myelin sheath loss and the degree of nerve tissue lesion. Other studies have shown that MBP is an effective biochemical marker of central nervous system damage and acute demyelination, and can be used as an index to determine the severity of brain contusion and to evaluate the prognosis of patients with multiple trauma.

Reference:

Tian Ruimin, et al. Effects of 21.5 kDa MBP gene silencing on proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells [J]. Chongqing Medical Science, 2015, (1).

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