MIF

Official Full Name

macrophage migration inhibitory factor

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

4282

Background

This gene encodes a lymphokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation. It plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. This lymphokine and the JAB1 protein form a complex in the cytosol near the peripheral plasma membrane, which may indicate an additional role in integrin signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Synonyms

GIF; GLIF; MMIF;

Bio Chemical Class

Intramolecular oxidoreductase

Protein Sequence

MPMFIVNTNVPRASVPDGFLSELTQQLAQATGKPPQYIAVHVVPDQLMAFGGSSEPCALCSLHSIGKIGGAQNRSYSKLLCGLLAERLRISPDRVYINYYDMNAANVGWNNSTFA

Open

Disease

Autoimmune disease, Diabetes mellitus, Postoperative inflammation, Thrombocytopenia

Approved Drug

Clinical Trial Drug

4 +

Discontinued Drug

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Detailed Information

Recent Researches

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine with multiple biological activities. It is the core of immune regulation and plays an important role in the inflammation and immune response of the body. In some diseases, the expression level of MIF has changed. Two polymorphic loci in its promoter affect its expression and are associated with susceptibility, severity and drug resistance in certain diseases.

The human MIF gene is located on chromosome 21q11.2, and the length of mRNA is about 0.8 kb. The MIF gene encodes 114 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 12.5 x 10³. About 90% of the MIF genes in mammals are homologous to fish, mites, parasites, certain plants, and cyanobacteria. The conservation of the MIF gene between species suggests that MIF proteins may have important biological functions. MIF is widely expressed in many tissues and cells, such as anterior pituitary cells, activated T lymphocytes, mononuclear macrophages, liver, kidney, and spleen.

Four gene polymorphisms have been found in the MIF gene, namely, SNP 173 (rs755622), +254 (rs2096525), +656 (rs2070766) and 1,794 CATT. Microsatellite polymorphisms are present in introns at +254 and +656 loci, as well as in promoters at 1,173 and 1,794 loci. Current studies have confirmed that MIF gene polymorphisms and increased MIF protein concentrations are associated with ulcerative colitis, psoriasis and tuberculosis. These diseases are often accompanied by inflammatory reactions, suggesting a key role of MIF in promoting the development and progression of these diseases.

Up to now, studies have shown that MIF gene mutations or polymorphisms are associated with arthritis, childhood nephropathy syndrome, asthma, autoimmune skin diseases, digestive system diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal cancer and pancreatitis), prostatitis, and heart ischemia. In short, MIF proteins play an important role in acute and chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Studying the functional polymorphism of its promoter will help to elucidate the mechanism of susceptibility, severity and drug resistance in different populations. Analysis of patients' MIF genotypes can help to categorize at-risk patients and identify which patients can conduct anti-MIF treatment strategies.

References:

Cao Mengjiao, et al. Study on the relationship between MIF gene polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection and non-cardiac gastric cancer [J]. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2017, (6): 693-696.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2017.06.018.
Zhou Ming, et al. Effects of MIF gene silencing on proliferation, apoptosis and ERK/RSK2 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines [J]. Chinese Journal of Modern Medicine, 2017, (19): 22-27.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2017.19.005.
Qian lu, et al. MIF promoter region-173 polymorphism and coronary heart disease [J]. Journal of Medical Research, 2018, (4): 32-35.DOI: 10.11969/j.issn.1673-548X.2018.04.009.

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