FABP7

Official Full Name

fatty acid binding protein 7

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

2173

Background

The gene encodes a small, highly conserved cytoplasmic protein that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. The encoded protein is important in the establishment of the radial glial fiber in the developing brain. Alternative splicing and promoter usage results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on multiple chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Synonyms

MRG; BLBP; FABPB; B-FABP;

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Detailed Information

FABPs are low molecular weight (14-15 kDa) proteins with high Kad tissue and cell type specificity and different ligand affinities, acts as intracellular lipid chaperones responsible for uptake, transportation, storage, and signaling transmission of long-chain fatty acids. There have been at least 11 FABPs members identified to control accessibility and distribution of fatty acids, which act as ligands to several signaling processes, by the way of reversibly binding to long chain FAs. FABP7, also known as brain typed FABP, is mainly distributed in developing brain and in the adult neural tissues, however it has also been detected in Kupffer cells in the liver, fibroblastic reticular cells in the lymph nodes in recent studies. Pivotal roles on the neuronal migration and neurogenesis have been played by the expression of FABP7 in neural stem cells.

Linkage between FABP7 and tumors

FABP7 may be a useful tumor marker for its relatedness in tumorigenesis indicated by accumulative researches on human tumor and tumor-derived cell lines. Among those themes of linkage between FABP7 and several tumor phenotypes, or expression of FABP7 and corresponding function, it is easy to sum up progression of breast cancer, apocrine carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), malignant melanoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is closely related with FABP7. Several in vitro researches have confirmed critical role FABP7 played in proliferation and migration of some tumor cells. Some cellular signaling transmissions were reported to be involved in FABP7 gene highly expressed tumors, for example, there is an association of EGFR expression with glioma tissue samples from patients shown to highly express FABP7 in nucleus.

FABP7 regulates Astrocyte's responses to stimulus through expression of caveolin-1

FABP7, a protein expressed by astrocytes of developing brain, has involvement in controlling astrocyte lipid homeostasis. Ligand-dependent accumulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 1 into lipid raft was decreased in FABP7-knockout (KO) compared with wild-type astrocytes. The expression of caveolin-1, not cavin-1, 2, 3, caveolin-2, and flotillin-1, was decreased at protein and transcriptional levels, but this situation can be rescued by re-expression of FABP7 in FABP7-KO astrocytes. Transfection of caveolin-1 into FABP7-knockout astrocytes can significantly elevate the level of TLR4 recruitment into lipid raft atter LPS stimulation. Caveolin-1 is beneficial for caveolae formation via interacting with cavin-1, moreover, its participation in regulating biological potential of caveolae is making differences in process of cell signaling transmission, fatty acid incorporation and endocytosis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), those two pattern-recognition receptors will be recruited into lipid rafts in response to extracellular stimuli, and their downstream signaling transmission is initiated intercellularly.

Lipid raft associated transient receptor potential canonical channel is necessary for glioma chemotaxis in response to stimuli, and caveolin-1 interacted connexin 43 in lipid raft promotes the invasion of human U251 glioblastoma cells, FABP7 may provide linkages to lipid raft by regulating Caveolin-1 gene, thus modulating the biology of cancer cells.

Fig 1. Role of FABP7 in tumor cell signaling (Owada et al. 2019)

References:

Yoshiteru Kagawaa, Banlanjo A. Umaru. (2018) 'Role of FABP7 in tumor cell signaling', Advances in Biological Regulation, doi: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.006.
Yoshiteru Kagawa,1 Yuki Yasumoto,1 Kazem Sharifi. (2015) 'Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7 Regulates Function of Caveolae in Astrocytes through Expression of Caveolin-1', GLIA, doi: 10.1002/glia.22784.
Poreba, M., Rostoff, P., Siniarski, A. (2018) 'Relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids, systemic low-grade inflammation, and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease', Cardiovasc Diabetol, doi: 10.1186/s12933-018-0672-5.

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