DCSTAMP

Official Full Name

dendrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

81501

Background

This gene encodes a seven-pass transmembrane protein that is primarily expressed in dendritic cells. The encoded protein is involved in a range of immunological functions carried out by dendritic cells. This protein plays a role in osteoclastogenesis and myeloid differentiation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

Synonyms

FIND; TM7SF4; hDC-STAMP;

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Detailed Information

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protect the host against pathogens and other harmful agents. Its proper functioning relies on the ability of cells to recognize and respond to foreign molecules, known as antigens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the immune response, as they capture and process antigens, then present them to T-cells, which in turn stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies. DCs are also responsible for migrating to lymph nodes, where they prime immune responses. The Dcstamp gene is a crucial regulator of DC development and function, as it encodes a seven transmembrane protein (SMAP) with multiple roles in DC biology.

Structure And Function of DCSTAMP

The Dcstamp gene encodes a protein of 351 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 40 kDa. The protein contains a signal peptide at the N-terminus, suggesting secretion or cell surface localization. The C-terminus is rich in proline and acidic amino acids, which may promote protein stability and interaction with other cellular components. The central region of the protein contains seven transmembrane domains (TM), which is a hallmark of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).

Dcstamp is expressed in DCs, where it plays a critical role in their development and function. The protein interacts with various cell surface molecules, such as integrins and CD44, to regulate cell adhesion and migration. It also modulates the expression of chemokine receptors, such as CXCR4 and CCR7, which control DC migration to lymph nodes. In addition, Dcstamp interacts with the actin cytoskeleton, regulating DC motility and antigen presentation.

Regulation of DCSTAMP Expression

Dcstamp expression is tightly regulated during DC development, with high levels of expression in immature DCs and lower levels in mature DCs. The gene is activated by various transcription factors, including AP-1, CREB, and Sp1, which bind to specific promoter regions. Dcstamp expression can also be regulated at the level of translation, through the action of regulatory RNA molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).

Roles of DCSTAMP in DC Biology

Dcstamp plays a central role in DC biology, as it regulates various aspects of DC development and function. The protein is involved in the process of antigen uptake and processing, as well as the presentation of antigens to T-cells. It also modulates DC migration, adhesion, and cytokine production. In addition, Dcstamp interacts with other cell surface molecules to regulate the immune response.

References:

Lee, Jie-Jen et al. "Upregulation of dendrocyte-expressed seven transmembrane protein is associated with unfavorable outcomes in differentiated thyroid cancer." Endocrine vol. 81,3 (2023): 513-520. doi:10.1007/s12020-023-03364-0
Inoue, Naokazu et al. "Evolutionarily conserved sperm factors, DCST1 and DCST2, are required for gamete fusion." eLife vol. 10 e66313. 19 Apr. 2021, doi:10.7554/eLife.66313

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