DCTD

Official Full Name

dCMP deaminase

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

1635

Background

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the deamination of dCMP to dUMP, the nucleotide substrate for thymidylate synthase. The encoded protein is allosterically activated by dCTP and inhibited by dTTP, and is found as a homohexamer. This protein uses zinc as a cofactor for its activity. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

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Detailed Information

The deoxycytidylic acid (dCMP) deaminase (Dctd) gene is a crucial enzyme involved in nucleotide metabolism. The gene is highly conserved across various species, including bacteria, yeast, plants, and animals. The enzyme encoded by the Dctd gene, Dctd, is an essential enzyme that plays a central role in the metabolism of deoxyribonucleotides. The enzyme belongs to the family of cytidine deaminases, which also includes enzymes such as deoxycytidine deaminase (DCTD) and cytosine deaminase (CD).

Function and Significance of Dctd

The Dctd enzyme is a key player in nucleotide metabolism, with specific functions in DNA replication, repair, and transcription. The enzyme catalyzes the deamination of deoxycytidylic acid to deoxyuridylic acid, which is a critical step in the synthesis of new DNA strands. The deamination reaction is highly specific, as the enzyme only deaminates the deoxycytidylic acid residue, leaving the other deoxyribose residue intact. The Dctd enzyme also plays a role in the repair of damaged DNA, as it can deaminate deoxycytidylic acid residues in damaged DNA strands, allowing for the synthesis of new DNA strands with the correct nucleotide sequence.

In addition to its role in nucleotide metabolism, the Dctd enzyme has been implicated in various cellular processes. For example, the enzyme has been shown to be involved in the regulation of gene expression, as it can deaminate deoxycytidylic acid residues in RNA molecules, leading to the production of uridylic acid. The Dctd enzyme is also involved in the metabolism of ribonucleotides, as it can deaminate deoxyribonucleotides to produce deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), which is an intermediate in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides.

The Dctd enzyme is essential for life, as its absence leads to defects in nucleotide metabolism and DNA replication, ultimately resulting in cell death. The enzyme is highly conserved across various species, indicating its crucial role in nucleotide metabolism and cellular survival.

Dctd and Cancer

Mutations in the Dctd gene have been linked to various types of cancer, including breast cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia. Dctd plays a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation. When mutated, the gene can cause cells to divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors. Additionally, Dctd has been found to be involved in the repair of DNA damage, which can contribute to the development of cancer cells.

References:

Burghard-Schrod, Marie et al. "The Bacillus subtilis dCMP deaminase ComEB acts as a dynamic polar localization factor for ComGA within the competence machinery." Molecular microbiology vol. 113,5 (2020): 906-922. doi:10.1111/mmi.14457
Niu, Mei et al. "ALR encoding dCMP deaminase is critical for DNA damage repair, cell cycle progression and plant development in rice." Journal of experimental botany vol. 68,21-22 (2017): 5773-5786. doi:10.1093/jxb/erx380

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