DCPS

Official Full Name

decapping enzyme, scavenger

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

28960

Background

This gene encodes a member of the histidine triad family of pyrophosphatases that removes short mRNA fragments containing the 5 mRNA cap structure, which appear in the 3 5 mRNA decay pathway, following deadenylation and exosome-mediated turnover. This enzyme hydrolyzes the triphosphate linkage of the cap structure (7-methylguanosine nucleoside triphosphate) to yield 7-methylguanosine monophosphate and nucleoside diphosphate. It protects the cell from the potentially toxic accumulation of these short, capped mRNA fragments, and regulates the activity of other cap-binding proteins, which are inhibited by their accumulation. It also acts as a transcript-specific modulator of pre-mRNA splicing and microRNA turnover. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

Synonyms

ARS; DCS1; HSL1; HINT5; HINT-5; HSPC015;

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Detailed Information

The scavenger decapping enzyme (DcpS) is an essential enzyme that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly in the degradation of misfolded and aggregated proteins. DcpS is a member of the AAA+ family of ATPases, which are characterized by their ability to hydrolyze ATP and tomediate the degradation of proteins.

Structure And Function of DcpS

The structure of DcpS shares significant similarities with other members of the AAA+ family, such as hexagonal structure and conserved ATP-binding domains. DcpS consists of two main domains: the N-terminal domain (N-DcpS) and the C-terminal domain (C-DcpS). The N-DcpS domain is responsible for substrate recognition and binding, while the C-DcpS domain is involved in ATP hydrolysis and protein degradation.

DcpS functions as a decapping enzyme, meaning that it promotes the removal of the caps from the ends of mRNA molecules. This process is important for the regulation of gene expression, as it allows the cell to control the translation of specific mRNA molecules. In addition to its role in mRNA decapping, DcpS has also been shown to degrade a wide variety of proteins, including misfolded and aggregated proteins.

Figure 1. Model depicting consequence on nuclear splicing in the presence or reduction of DcpS.

Role of DcpS in Diseases

Misfolded and aggregated proteins are common in various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. The accumulation of these proteins can lead to the impairment of cellular function and contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Therefore, the degradation of these proteins is an important process for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing disease progression.

DcpS has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. In Alzheimer's disease, DcpS has been implicated in the degradation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), a key pathological protein in this disease. In Parkinson's disease, DcpS has been shown to be involved in the degradation of α-synuclein, a protein that accumulates in the brains of patients with this disease. In cancer, DcpS has been shown to promote the degradation of oncogenic proteins, suggesting that it may play a role in the development and progression of cancer.

Therapeutic Implications of Targeting DcpS

Given the essential role of DcpS in cellular metabolism and disease, targeting this enzyme has the potential to be an effective therapeutic strategy for various diseases. For example, increasing the activity of DcpS has the potential to promote the degradation of misfolded and aggregated proteins, which could help to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. On the other hand, inhibiting the activity of DcpS has the potential to be an effective therapeutic strategy for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where the accumulation of misfolded proteins is a key pathological feature.

References:

Wulf, Madalee G et al. "The yeast scavenger decapping enzyme DcpS and its application for in vitro RNA recapping." Scientific reports vol. 9,1 8594. 13 Jun. 2019, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45083-5
Shen, Vincent et al. "DcpS scavenger decapping enzyme can modulate pre-mRNA splicing." RNA (New York, N.Y.) vol. 14,6 (2008): 1132-42. doi:10.1261/rna.1008208
Liu, Hudan et al. "The scavenger mRNA decapping enzyme DcpS is a member of the HIT family of pyrophosphatases." The EMBO journal vol. 21,17 (2002): 4699-708. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf448

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