DCP2

Official Full Name

decapping mRNA 2

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

167227

Background

The protein encoded by this gene is a key component of an mRNA-decapping complex required for degradation of mRNAs, both in normal mRNA turnover, and in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). It removes the 7-methyl guanine cap structure from mRNA, prior to its degradation from the 5' end. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

Synonyms

NUDT20;

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Detailed Information

The decapping mRNA 2 (DCP2) gene is an essential component of the regulatory machinery involved in mRNA metabolism. This gene encodes a protein that plays a crucial role in the decay of mRNA, which is a highly regulated process in eukaryotic cells. The DCP2 protein is a decapping enzyme that hydrolyzes the cap structure of mRNA, leading to the subsequent degradation of the mRNA by other exonucleases. The process of mRNA decay is crucial for the regulation of gene expression, as it allows cells to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions or developmental stages.

Structure And Function of DCP2

The DCP2 gene is encoded on human chromosome 19 and consists of 11 exons. The protein encoded by the DCP2 gene is a member of the conserved family of decapping enzymes, which are responsible for removing the m7Gppp cap from the 5' end of mRNA. The DCP2 protein is composed of several structural domains, including a conserved catalytic core domain, a mRNA binding domain, and a regulatory domain. The catalytic core domain is responsible for the hydrolysis of the m7Gppp cap, while the mRNA binding domain allows the protein to interact with mRNA. The regulatory domain is responsible for the substrate specificity and regulation of the enzyme.

The function of DCP2 is to decap mRNA, which is the first step in the mRNA decay process. The decapping of mRNA is a highly regulated process, as it allows cells to control the stability and expression of specific genes. The DCP2 enzyme is involved in the deadenylation-dependent decapping of mRNA, which is a process that involves the removal of the poly(A) tail from the 3' end of mRNA. The deadenylation of mRNA is regulated by various factors, including the activity of the DCP2 enzyme. The decapping of mRNA allows cells to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions or developmental stages by regulating the expression of specific genes.

Figure 1. Dcp1, Dcp2, and Edc3 function as core components of multiple decapping complexes

Regulation of DCP2

The regulation of the DCP2 gene is complex and involves several mechanisms. The expression of the DCP2 gene is regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. At the transcriptional level, the expression of the DCP2 gene is regulated by various transcription factors, including those involved in the regulation of mRNA metabolism. At the post-transcriptional level, the stability and translation efficiency of the DCP2 mRNA are regulated by various factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small RNAs.

The DCP2 enzyme is also subject to regulation by various proteins that interact with it. For example, the DCP2 enzyme interacts with the translation initiation factor eIF4A, which is involved in the initiation of translation. The interaction of DCP2 with eIF4A is important for the regulation of translation initiation and the decay of mRNA. Additionally, the DCP2 enzyme interacts with other proteins involved in mRNA metabolism, such as the deadenylase CCR4, which is involved in the deadenylation of mRNA. The interaction of DCP2 with CCR4 is important for the regulation of mRNA decay.

Role of DCP2 in Biological Processes and Diseases

The DCP2 gene plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, and responses to environmental stimuli. The DCP2 enzyme is involved in the regulation of gene expression by controlling the stability and translation efficiency of mRNA. As a result, the DCP2 gene is important for the regulation of various cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation.

DCP2 has also been implicated in various human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In cancer, the DCP2 gene is often upregulated, leading to increased mRNA stability and expression of oncogenic genes. In neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, the DCP2 gene is downregulated, leading to increased mRNA stability and expression of disease-related genes. As a result, the DCP2 gene plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various human diseases.

References:

Vidya, Elva, and Thomas F Duchaine. "Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation." Frontiers in genetics vol. 13 832547. 23 Mar. 2022, doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.832547
He, Feng, and Allan Jacobson. "Eukaryotic mRNA decapping factors: molecular mechanisms and activity." The FEBS journal, 10.1111/febs.16626. 13 Sep. 2022, doi:10.1111/febs.16626

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