DACH1

Official Full Name

dachshund family transcription factor 1

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

1602

Background

This gene encodes a chromatin-associated protein that associates with other DNA-binding transcription factors to regulate gene expression and cell fate determination during development. The protein contains a Ski domain that is highly conserved from Drosophila to human. Expression of this gene is lost in some forms of metastatic cancer, and is correlated with poor prognosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

Synonyms

DACH;

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Detailed Information

Dachshund Family Transcription Factor 1 (DACH1), a conserved transcription factor, plays crucial roles in embryonic development, tissue differentiation, and organogenesis. The DACH1 gene is a crucial player in the human genome, encoding a protein with multiple roles in various cellular processes. By regulating the activity of other proteins, DACH1 influences essential cell functions, such as DNA binding, protein interaction, and stability.

Structure And Function of DACH1

Dachshund Family Transcription Factor 1 (DACH1) is a prominent transcription factor characterized by its structural architecture, which consists of several conserved domains crucial for its function. This gene is encoded by approximately 450 amino acids and exhibits a modular structure composed of several distinct domains. The primary structural domains of DACH1 include

(1) N-terminal domain (NTD): This domain is responsible for protein stability and interacts with other cellular components, such as co-activators and co-repressors, to regulate transcription.

(2) DNA-binding domain (DBD): this domain is accountable for binding to specific DNA sequences, primarily in the promoter regions of target genes.

(3) Central domain: This region serves as a platform for protein-protein interactions and contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) that targets DACH1 to the nucleus.

(4) C-terminal domain (CTD): The CTD is responsible for transcriptional regulation through interactions with RNA polymerase II and other nuclear factors.

(5) Post-translationally modified domains: These include phosphorylation sites that regulate DACH1's activity and stability, as well as sumoylation sites that influence its interaction with other cellular components.

DACH1 And DNA Binding Process

Dachshund Family Transcription Factor 1 (DACH1) is a key regulatory gene that influences DNA binding processes in various cellular processes, including development, differentiation, and cell fate determination. This transcription factor belongs to the Dachshund protein family, which shares conserved domains with other regulatory proteins involved in cell signaling and development. DACH1 functions as a transcriptional regulator by binding to specific DNA sequences, primarily in the promoter regions of target genes. respectively.

The DBD of DACH1 is responsible for recognizing specific DNA sequences, such as the consensus binding site for the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors. This domain allows DACH1 to bind to and regulate the expression of genes involved in cell signaling, cell fate determination, and inflammation. The LZD of DACH1 enables it to interact with other transcription factors, such as members of the ETV family, to form heterodimers. These dimers can then bind to DNA sequences containing an ETV consensus site, leading to the activation or repression of target genes. This interaction plays a crucial role in cell fate determination and tissue specificity during development. DACH1 is a crucial regulator of DNA binding processes through its conserved domains, the DBD and LZD. Its role in recognizing and interacting with specific DNA sequences and transcription factors enables DACH1 to control the expression of numerous genes involved in essential cellular processes.

References:

Cai B., Zhang Y., Zhao Y., Wang J., Li T., Zhang Y. Long noncoding RNA-DACH1 (dachshund homolog 1) regulates cardiac function by inhibiting SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a) Hypertension. 2019;74:833–842. – PubMed
Chen Y, Li Z, Chen X, Zhang S. Long non-coding RNAs: From disease code to drug role. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Feb;11(2):340-354. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.001. Epub 2020 Oct 10. PMID: 33643816; PMCID: PMC7893121.

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