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VEGF

Official Full Name
vascular endothelial growth factor A
Organism
Homo sapiens
GeneID
7422
Background
This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Disruption of this gene in mice resulted in abnormal embryonic blood vessel formation. This gene is upregulated in many known tumors and its expression is correlated with tumor stage and progression. Elevated levels of this protein are found in patients with POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with microvascular complications of diabetes 1 (MVCD1) and atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from upstream non-AUG (CUG) codons resulting in additional isoforms. A recent study showed that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is antiangiogenic. Expression of some isoforms derived from the AUG start codon is regulated by a small upstream open reading frame, which is located within an internal ribosome entry site. The levels of VEGF are increased during infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thus promoting inflammation by facilitating recruitment of inflammatory cells, and by increasing the level of angiopoietin II (Ang II), one of two products of the SARS-CoV-2 binding target, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In turn, Ang II facilitates the elevation of VEGF, thus forming a vicious cycle in the release of inflammatory cytokines. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]
Synonyms
VPF; VEGF; MVCD1; L-VEGF;
Bio Chemical Class
Growth factor
Protein Sequence
MNFLLSWVHWSLALLLYLHHAKWSQAAPMAEGGGQNHHEVVKFMDVYQRSYCHPIETLVDIFQEYPDEIEYIFKPSCVPLMRCGGCCNDEGLECVPTEESNITMQIMRIKPHQGQHIGEMSFLQHNKCECRPKKDRARQEKKSVRGKGKGQKRKRKKSRYKSWSVYVGARCCLMPWSLPGPHPCGPCSERRKHLFVQDPQTCKCSCKNTDSRCKARQLELNERTCRCDKPRR
Disease
Bone growth disorder, Breast cancer, Circulatory system disease, Colorectal cancer, Corneal disease, Fallopian tube cancer, Fibrosis, Hypopharyngeal cancer, Liver cancer, Lung cancer, Lymphoma, Macular degeneration, Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm, Metabolic disorder, Metastatic tumour, Muscular atrophy, Nasopharyngeal cancer, Neurodegenerative disorder, Ovarian cancer, Peritoneal cancer, Retinopathy, Rheumatoid arthritis, Solid tumour/cancer, Stomach cancer, Transient ischaemic attack, Vascular system developmental anomaly, Virus infection
Approved Drug
5 +
Clinical Trial Drug
15 +
Discontinued Drug
2 +

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