Human WRN Knockout Cell Line-HCT116

The WRN gene encodes the Werner protein, an important enzyme with both helicase and exonuclease activities. The main function of the helicase is to unwind and separate double-stranded DNA, while the exonuclease trims the broken ends of damaged DNA by removing nucleotides. The Werner protein first unwinds the DNA and then removes abnormal DNA structures that may have formed unintentionally. Both steps are essential for maintaining the structural integrity of an individual's DNA. In addition to its role in DNA repair, the Werner protein is also essential in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. Mutations in the WRN gene are directly associated with Werner syndrome, a disorder characterized by premature aging and increased susceptibility to various age-related diseases, including cancer. More than 60 different mutations have been identified, and most result in a truncated and nonfunctional Werner protein. This defective protein fails to localize to the nucleus (where it normally interacts with DNA) and is often degraded more rapidly than the functional protein. The lack of sufficient Werner protein in the nucleus impairs the processes of DNA replication, repair, and transcription. In addition to the inherited mutations that cause Werner syndrome, somatic changes in the WRN gene can also lead to cancer. These acquired changes may involve hypermethylation, the process of adding methyl groups to DNA, which effectively silences the WRN gene. This gene silencing prevents the production of the Werner protein, which leads to the accumulation of mutations and can cause uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. This hypermethylation has been observed in a variety of tumors, including those of the colon, rectum, lung, stomach, prostate, breast, and thyroid.