Human NR1H3 adenoviral particles

The NR1H3 gene is located on human chromosome 11 (11p11.2) and encodes liver X receptor alpha (LXRa), a key member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. LXRa is a master regulator of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis and plays key roles in cholesterol efflux, reverse cholesterol transport, fatty acid synthesis, and glucose metabolism. It forms an obligate heterodimer with the retinoic acid X receptor (RXR) and binds to specific DNA response elements (LXREs) within the promoter region of target genes. LXRa is highly expressed in metabolically active tissues such as the liver, intestine, adipose tissue, macrophages, and kidney. Dysregulated LXRa signaling has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, and certain inflammatory diseases, making it an important therapeutic target. Therefore, studying the function of LXRa is critical for understanding metabolic health and developing novel therapeutics.

Human NR1H3 adenoviral particles are a powerful and widely used research tool that can efficiently deliver and overexpress the human NR1H3 gene (encoding LXRa) in a variety of mammalian cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions. These particles are based on the replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) and are designed to maximize safety and expression capacity. Their main features include deletion of the essential early genes E1 and E3, which renders the virus unable to replicate in standard host cells and significantly reduces its immunogenicity and cytotoxicity. Researchers mainly use human NR1H3 adenoviral particles to study the specific role and mechanism of the LXRa signaling pathway, including studying its effects on target gene regulation, lipid metabolism, cholesterol flux, inflammatory responses, and cell proliferation/survival in various cell models. They are essential for functional rescue experiments in LXRa-deficient systems, mechanistic studies using agonists/antagonists, and exploring the therapeutic potential of modulating LXRa activity in metabolic and inflammatory disease models.