Due to the limited efficacy of current treatments, more effective therapies are urgently needed for ischemic stroke. Here, differential expression analysis and clinical testing showed that PIK3CG is highly expressed in stroke patients. Prolonged oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) exposure increased PIK3CG levels, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that PIK3CG is involved in the autophagy pathway. Knockdown of PIK3CG inhibited OGD/R-induced reduction in cell proliferation and OGD/R-induced increases in apoptosis and Beclin 1 and LC3 II expression. After OGD/R, AMPK phosphorylation was upregulated, while mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was downregulated, indicating activation of the AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway. Knockdown of PIK3CG inhibited metformin-induced increases in Beclin 1, LC3 II, and apoptosis, as well as the reduction in cell proliferation. These results suggest that PIK3CG knockdown protects neuronal cells by inhibiting the AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway and further suppressing autophagy.
KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that PIK3CG expression was closely related to the autophagy pathway (Figure 1A-B). After OGD/R treatment of SH-SY5Y cells, Western blot results showed that the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins Beclin 1 and LC3 II (14 kDa) were increased compared to control cells (Figure 1C), indicating that autophagy was activated. Here, researchers constructed PIK3CG knockdown SH-SY5Y cells (Figure 1D). Western blot results showed that the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 II was decreased in PIK3CG knockdown cells (Figure 1E), indicating that OGD/R-induced autophagy was inhibited. CCK8 assay results showed that compared to the control group, cell viability was decreased after OGD/R treatment, while PIK3CG knockdown partially reversed this decrease (Figure 1F). This indicates that PIK3CG knockdown effectively mitigated the decrease in cell survival induced by OGD/R. Flow cytometry results showed that OGD/R significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells, while PIK3CG knockdown significantly inhibited this increase (Figure 1G). These results indicate that PIK3CG knockdown inhibited OGD/R-induced apoptosis.
Figure 1. The effect of PIK3CG knockdown on autophagy. (Lv L, et al., 2025)