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MAL


Official Full Name
mal, T cell differentiation protein
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene ID
4118
Background
The protein encoded by this gene is a highly hydrophobic integral membrane protein belonging to the MAL family of proteolipids. The protein has been localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of T-cells and is a candidate linker protein in T-cell signal transduction. In addition, this proteolipid is localized in compact myelin of cells in the nervous system and has been implicated in myelin biogenesis and/or function. The protein plays a role in the formation, stabilization and maintenance of glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. Down-regulation of this gene has been associated with a variety of human epithelial malignancies. Alternative splicing produces four transcript variants which vary from each other by the presence or absence of alternatively spliced exons 2 and 3. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]
Synonyms
HLD28; MVP17; VIP17

Cat.No. Product Name Price
SHH171839 shRNA set against Rat Mal(NM_012798.1) Inquiry
SHW001141 shRNA set against Chicken TIRAP (NM_001024829) Inquiry
SHL072054 shRNA set against Human TIRAP(NM_148910.2) Inquiry
SHL071936 shRNA set against Human TIRAP(NM_001039661.1) Inquiry
SHL071934 shRNA set against Human TIRAP(NM_148910.2) Inquiry
SHH427652 shRNA set against Mouse TIRAP (NM_054096.2) Inquiry
SHH427648 shRNA set against Human TIRAP (NM_001039661.1) Inquiry
SHW003212 shRNA set against Chicken MAL (NM_001199391) Inquiry
SHH342280 shRNA set against Mouse MKL1 (NM_153049.2) Inquiry
SHH337123 shRNA set against Rat MAL (NM_012798.1) Inquiry
SHH337119 shRNA set against Mouse MAL (NM_010762.5) Inquiry
SHH337115 shRNA set against Human MAL (NM_002371.3) Inquiry
SHH191099 shRNA set against Mouse Mkl1(NM_001082536.1) Inquiry
SHH191081 shRNA set against Human MKL1(NM_020831.3) Inquiry
SHH191063 shRNA set against Mouse Mkl1(NM_153049.2) Inquiry
SHH342276 shRNA set against Human MKL1 (NM_020831.3) Inquiry
SHW008331 shRNA set against Danio rerio MAL (NM_001017686) Inquiry
Cat.No. Product Name Price
MiUTR3H-02236 MAL miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
CDFG002840 Human MKL1 cDNA Clone(NM_020831.3) Inquiry
CDFH019651 Human TIRAP cDNA Clone(NM_001039661.1) Inquiry
CDFR010600 Rat Mal cDNA Clone(NM_012798.1) Inquiry
MiUTR1H-10422 TIRAP miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
MiUTR1H-10423 TIRAP miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
MiUTR1H-06312 MKL1 miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
MiUTR1M-07133 MKL1 miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
MiUTR1R-03656 MAL miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
MiUTR3H-02233 MAL miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
MiUTR3H-02234 MAL miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
MiUTR1M-07132 MKL1 miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
MiUTR3H-02235 MAL miRNA 3'UTR clone Inquiry
CDCR343817 Human TIRAP ORF Clone(NM_001039661.1) Inquiry
CDCS415191 Human MKL1 ORF Clone (BC115039) Inquiry
CDCS410764 Human MAL ORF Clone (BC000458) Inquiry
CDCS406975 Human TIRAP ORF Clone (BC032474) Inquiry
CDCR377658 Rat Mal ORF Clone(NM_012798.1) Inquiry
CDCR307856 Human MAL ORF Clone(NM_022439.2) Inquiry
CDCR270041 Mouse Mkl1 ORF Clone(NM_153049.2) Inquiry
CDCB164687 Chicken MAL ORF Clone (NM_001199391) Inquiry
CDCB169806 Danio rerio MAL ORF Clone (NM_001017686) Inquiry
CDCB182499 Rabbit MKL1 ORF clone (XM_008275203.1) Inquiry
CDCB193561 Rabbit MAL ORF clone (XM_008253978.1) Inquiry
CDCB194394 Rabbit TIRAP ORF clone (XM_008259401.1) Inquiry
CDCH091228 human TIRAP ORF clone (NM_148910.2) Inquiry
CDCR305966 Human MKL1 ORF Clone(NM_020831.3) Inquiry
CDCH387712 Rat LOC296884 ORF clone(NM_001177442.1) Inquiry
CDCR235175 Mouse Mkl1 ORF Clone(NM_001082536.1) Inquiry
CDCR242115 Mouse Mal ORF Clone(NM_001171187.1) Inquiry
CDCR242823 Mouse Tirap ORF Clone(NM_001177845.1) Inquiry
CDCR242825 Mouse Tirap ORF Clone(NM_001177846.1) Inquiry
CDCR242827 Mouse Tirap ORF Clone(NM_001177847.1) Inquiry
CDCR264707 Mouse Tirap ORF Clone(NM_054096.2) Inquiry
CDCH388530 Mouse MAL ORF clone(NM_010762.5) Inquiry
CDCB162616 Chicken TIRAP ORF Clone (NM_001024829) Inquiry

Detailed Information

Brief Introduction

The MAL gene is located at 2q11.1 and contains 4 exons and 3 introns with a cDNA length of 1051 bp. MAL proteins are expressed in respiratory cells, gastrointestinal cells and other epithelial cells. The structure of MAL proteins is similar to that of chimeric proteins, which construct pores on cell membranes as molecular transporters to pass through lipid bilayers. The MAL protein not only expresses T cell receptor, but also expresses T11 antigen, indicating that MAL may participate in the signal transduction of T cell membrane through these two pathways.

Deletion of MAL gene expression is associated with the occurrence and development of various malignant tumors such as cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, intestinal cancer, and kidney cancer.

MAL Gene and Cancer

In esophageal cancer tissues, the expression of MAL gene is down-regulated or absent. Moreover, the MAL gene also plays a regulatory role in the differentiation and keratinization of esophageal epithelial cells. Studying its regulatory mechanisms can be helpful to elucidate the mechanism of esophageal cancer.

MAL gene is an important tumor suppressor gene in the progression of gastric cancer. The normal gastric mucosa also expresses MAL gene, but the MAL genes differ between cells. MAL is strongly expressed in parietal cells and main cells, but not in muscle tissue cells and sub-mucosal cells. There is a significant difference in the methylation rate of MAL gene between gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa tissues. Methylation of MAL gene is an important cause of MAL gene inactivation, and methylation in different regions leads to different prognosis of gastric cancer.

The changes of MAL gene methylation are closely related to the occurrence of lung cancer, and the detection of plasma MAL gene methylation can be used as a potential early diagnostic indicator for lung cancer, which is helpful to differentiate lung cancer from pulmonary tuberculosis.

The methylation rate of MAL gene decreases successively in colorectal cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and highly proliferative polyps. The methylation status of MAL gene has nothing to do with clinical features such as gender, age, tumor location, lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage. MAL methylation promoter occurs in most degenerative and malignant colorectal cancers, which may make MAL gene a real diagnostic target for early colorectal cancer.

In a word, the expression of MAL gene has changed in many tumors, and there are many related expression mechanisms. Gene methylation is the main mechanism of MAL gene inactivation.

References:

  1. Huang Daye, et al. Significance of plasma MAL gene methylation in early diagnosis of lung cancer [J]. Modern oncology, 2016, (13): 2055-2058. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4992.2016.13.013.
  2. Liu Boxin, et al. Methylation status of MAL gene promoter region in EC9706 cells and human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues [J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Medical Edition), 2013, (4): 440-443. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-6825.2013.04.002.
  3. Liu Boxin, et al. MAL Gene and Tumor [J]. International Journal of Oncology, 2011, (12): 885-887. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2011.12.002.
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