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As the most common type of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and HCC cases are increasing in the United States and worldwide. While chemotherapy, surgery, and liver transplants can help some patients, targeted therapies for HCC could save millions of lives.
T helper 17 cells (Th17) in the immune system are a type of CD4+ T cells that together help make antibodies, activate cells that engulf enemies, and recruit more soldiers to the battlefield. A new study focusing on Th17 cells shows that the shape and function of their mitochondria play an important role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Understanding how mitochondria affect Th17 cells is important to understanding how to control their key. They identified several pathways that sought to influence the behavior of these cells, with the aim of suppressing their autoimmune activity.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults with a very aggressive clinical presentation. Treatment is also very challenging because its pathological mechanisms are among the most complex in brain tumors. Surgical options for glioblastoma have changed little over the past 30 years, and the 5-year survival rate for patients is only around 5%.
T cells are an important part of the body's immune system, helping not only to clear invading pathogens, such as viruses, but also to kill cancer cells.
In a new study, researchers from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center discovered an Achilles’ heel of ovarian cancer and new biomarkers that may indicate which patients are the best candidates for potential new therapies. Related research results are published online in the Cell journal.
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing CD4 and Foxp3 are the main regulators of autoimmune diseases. However, the temporal and spatial characteristics of tissue-specific autoimmune suppression mediated by Treg cells have not yet been clearly revealed. In a study recently published in the journal PNAS, Benoît L. Salomon's team from Sorbonne University in France further revealed the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) signaling in Treg cells during multiple sclerosis (EAE).
One of the main signs of chronic pain is inflammation. Recently, in a research report published in the international journal of Neuron, scientists from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine and other institutions have discovered through research that anti-inflammatory cells called MRC1+ macrophages may be dysfunctional in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Promoting these cells to return to their normal state may be expected to help treat body pain caused by nerve damage or nervous system dysfunction. Researchers have shown that stimulating the expression of an anti-inflammatory protein called CD163 may reduce signs of neuroinflammation in the spinal cord of mice with neuropathic pain.
In previous studies, scientists have discovered that a protein called IL-24 attacks various cancers in many different ways. In a new study, through T cell engineering, researchers from Virginia Commonwealth University found that using T cells to deliver the gene encoding IL-24 (called MDA-7) to solid tumors can prevent tumor growth in a variety of cancers and inhibit the spread of cancer to other tissues. Relevant research results were published in the journal of Cancer Research.
In a research report published in the international journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, scientists from institutions such as the Caroline Academy in Sweden revealed how special lymphocyte populations can abandon their regulation in the immune system through research Role to promote the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, relevant research results may provide new ideas and direction for scientists to develop new treatments for autoimmune diseases.
The vaccine can prevent millions of deaths each year and push certain diseases to the brink of survival. However, it turns out that developing effective vaccines against multiple viruses is extremely challenging, if not impossible.
