DCST2

Official Full Name

DC-STAMP domain containing 2

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

127579

Background

Predicted to be involved in fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization and sperm-egg recognition. Predicted to be located in acrosomal membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Feb 2025]

Synonyms

SPE42;

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Detailed Information

The DC-STAMP domain containing 2 (DCST2) gene is a relatively new player in the field of biological research, with its discovery and characterization dating back to only a few decades. The gene encodes a protein that belongs to the DC-STAMP (Downstream of Caspase-activated Apoptosis Regulatory Protein) family, which is involved in various cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation.

Structure And Function of DCST2

The DCST2 protein is characterized by a conserved domain known as the DC-STAMP domain, which is shared by other proteins in the family. The domain is composed of several hundred amino acids and has been shown to mediate protein-protein interactions. The DCST2 protein is typically expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells and its expression can be induced by various cellular stimuli such as mitogens, cytokines, and growth factors.

The exact function of the DCST2 protein is still being unraveled, but it has been shown to play a crucial role in cell signaling and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The protein has been shown to interact with various cellular components such as DNA, RNA, and protein kinases, which suggests that it might serve as a scaffold protein to facilitate signaling cascades in the cell.

Expression And Regulation of DCST2

The expression of the DCST2 gene is tightly regulated under various physiological conditions. The gene is expressed in a wide range of human tissues, including the heart, liver, kidney, and colon, and its expression can be induced by various stimuli such as mitogens, cytokines, and growth factors. The expression of the gene is also regulated by various transcription factors and chromatin remodeling enzymes.

Implications of DCST2 in Diseases

Several studies have suggested that the DCST2 gene and its protein product play a role in various human health and diseases. The protein has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, which makes it an attractive target for cancer research. Aberrant expression of the DCST2 gene has been reported in various cancers, including breast cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia, which suggests that it might be involved in the development and progression of these cancers.

In addition to cancer, the DCST2 gene has also been implicated in other human diseases such as inflammation and autoimmunity. Studies have shown that the DCST2 protein can modulate the immune response by regulating the expression of various cytokines and chemokines, which makes it an attractive target for immunological research.

References:

van der Valk, Ralf J P et al. "A novel common variant in DCST2 is associated with length in early life and height in adulthood." Human molecular genetics vol. 24,4 (2015): 1155-68. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu510
Inoue, Naokazu et al. "Evolutionarily conserved sperm factors, DCST1 and DCST2, are required for gamete fusion." eLife vol. 10 e66313. 19 Apr. 2021, doi:10.7554/eLife.66313

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