C1QTNF3

Official Full Name

C1q and TNF related 3

Organism

Homo sapiens

GeneID

114899

Background

Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including intracellular triglyceride homeostasis; negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; and regulation of cytokine production. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of gluconeogenesis. Located in extracellular exosome and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Feb 2025]

Synonyms

CORS; CORCS; CTRP3; CORS26; C1ATNF3; CORS-26;

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Detailed Information

Recent Research Progress

The complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein (CTRP) superfamily is a newly discovered adipokines cluster with a common structure consisting of collagen and globular C1q-like domains, and 15 human members have been identified. C1q / tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) belongs to the CTRP family, which is abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and chondrocytes. In 2011, CTRP3 was first reported to have comparable efficacy to adiponectin (APN) in vasodilation of C57BL mice. Circulating CTRP3 also improves insulin sensitivity and is closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism.

CTRP3 and DR

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of chronic diabetes. CTRP has been shown to protect against obesity and atherosclerosis in animal studies. Studies have demonstrated that circulating CTRP3 can play a valuable role as a biomarker for diabetic retinopathy and can be an indicator of the severity of DR. Furthermore, CTRP3 inhibits high glucose high lipid (HGHL)-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner in human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HRMEC), indicating a new therapeutic potential for CTRP3 in the treatment of DR, a serious and widespread complication of diabetes.

CTRP3 and obesity

Obesity has become a worldwide pandemic, with only two-thirds of adults in the United States being overweight or obese. Obesity alters the function of adipokines and leads to metabolic disorders. Obesity has been reported to cause atrophy of adipokines, including down-regulation of CTRP3. The results of Risa M et al. showed that adiponectin (APN) and CTRP3 levels were significantly lower in obese individual compared to lean controls; in addition, CTRP3 levels were positively correlated with adiponectin levels. In summary, studies have demonstrated a reduction in CTRP3 levels in human obesity. Obesity changes normal metabolic homeostasis and leads to dysregulation of adipokines production and function. CTRP3, or other adipokines, may be promising targets for the treatment of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Future investigations should include a larger study of multi-ethnic patients to further elucidate the interesting relationship between serum CTRP3 levels and ethnicity.

CTRP3 and CAD

CTRP3 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Studies have shown that serum CTRP3 levels in CAD patients are significantly higher than non-CAD patients. Significant differences in CTRP3 levels were also found between the single vessel group and the trivascular group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CTRP3 levels were associated with CAD with HDL cholesterol and glucose. These results indicate that CTRP3 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of CAD, suggesting that CTRP3 may represent a novel biomarker for CAD.

CTRP 3 and CD

Mesenteric adipose tissue hypertrophy, also known as "peristaltic fat" (inflamed adipose tissue enveloping the circumference of the gut), represents a sign of Crohn's disease (CD) and is present from the onset of the disease. Related connective tissue and adipose tissue changes are characterized by mesenteric fat hypertrophy, fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, local lymphadenopathy, tissue fibrosis, perivascular and transmural inflammation, and intimal/medial thickening of small vessels. The pathogenic and secondary effects of mesenteric adipose tissue inflammation in CD are controversial. Recently, studies have shown that CTRP3 is capable to modulate fibrotic processes of colon lamina propria fibroblasts (CLPF) from strictured intestinal tissues. By targeting TGF-b production and expression of the Expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and collagen I genes, CTRP3 reduces the fibrotic activity of fibrotic CD-CLPF. Based on this, CTRP3 can be considered as a novel molecular medium derived from intestinal/mesenteric adipose tissue, which inhibits CPLF activation and pro-fibrotic mechanisms. Thus, CTRP3 is an interesting and potential drug target for the pathophysiology of CD and its associated complications such as fibrosis and stenosis. Further research must clarify whether CTRP3 production in creep fat is altered compared to adipose tissue in non-IBD patients.

All in all, there is growing evidence that CTRPs have different biological effects on the cardiovascular system. In addition, CTRP3 has been reported to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes via the AMPK / peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) pathway. CTRP3 is an endogenous regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis that protects cardiomyocytes by improving mitochondrial dysfunction. Consequently, further research on CTRP3 is very valuable and meaningful.

References:

Mao, et al. C1QTNF3 in the murine ovary and its function in folliculogenesis. Reproduction, 2018, 155: 333–346.
Choi, et al. Implications of C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and progranulin in patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2014, 13:14.
Hofmann, et al. C1q/TNF-related Protein-3 (CTRP-3) is secreted by visceral adipose tissue and exerts antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects in primary human colonic fibroblasts. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2011, 17:2462–2471.
Yun Zhou, et al. Overexpression of C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Protein-3 Promotes Phosphate-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification Both In Vivo and In Vitro. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014, 34: 1002-1010.
Nian-Nian Chen, et al. C1q and tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 is present in human cord blood and is associated with fetal growth. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2016, 453: 67–70.
Andreas Schmid, et al. CTRP-3 is permeable to the blood–brain barrier and is not regulated by glucose or lipids in vivo. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2017, 47 (3): 203–212.
Zheyi Yan, et al.CTRP3 is a novel biomarker for diabetic retinopathy and inhibits HGHL-induced VCAM-1 expression in an AMPK-dependent manner. Plos One, 2017.
Qi Hou, et al. CTRP3 Stimulates Proliferation and AntiApoptosis of Prostate Cells through PKC Signaling Pathways. Plos One, 2017.
Wang, et al. Association of serum C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) in patients with coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2017, 17:210.
Zhang, et al. Globular CTRP3 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes through AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 2017, 1861: 3085–3094.
Bo Ban, et al. Low Serum Cartonectin/CTRP3 Concentrations in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: In Vivo Regulation of Cartonectin by Glucose. Plos One, 2014, 9(11): e112931.

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